Anaphy F Flashcards
As the food bolus moves
from the pharynx into the
esophagus, waves of
esophageal muscle
contractions move the
food bolus down into the
stomach. This wave of
muscle contraction is
called
peristalsis
(innermost layer) DS
mucosa
is involved in the secretion of
mucus, saliva and gastric
juices. In the small intestine
this layer is involved in
absorption of the products.
mucous epithelium
which has a role in
supporting the blood vessels and lymphatic tissue of the
mucosa.
lamina propria
is a thick layer of
connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels and
some small glands. second main layer DS
SUBMUCOSA
The outermost layer is
called the DS consists of a
thin smooth muscle layer
that helps to form the
gastric pits or the
microvilli of the digestive
system.
muscularis mucosa
nerves that
stimulate the intestinal
glands to secrete their
products.
MEISSNER’S PLEXUS
The largest area of serosa is
found in the abdominal and
pelvic cavities and is known
as theis a closed sac
and is also a type of serous
membrane.
PERITONEUM
The entrance to the stomach
from the esophagus is via the
ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
controls the exit of
chyme from the stomach into
the small intestine.
PYLORIC SPHINCTER
innervates the stomach with parasympathetic
fibers that stimulate gastric motility and the secretion of
gastric juice.
VAGUS NERVE
reduce gastric
activity.
SYMPATHETIC FIBERS
When the stomach is empty,
the mucosal epithelia forms
RUGAE
produce thick bicarbonate‐coated mucus. This thick layer of mucus
protects the stomach
mucosal epithelia from
corrosion by acidic gastric
juice.
SURFACE MUCUS CELLS
also secretes mucus but thin and acidic. This mucus is different from
the thicker, alkaline mucus
produced by surface mucous
cells.
The role of this mucus is
currently unknown.
MUCOUS NECK CELLS
produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
PARIETAL CELLS
is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.
INTRINSIC FACTOR
creates the
acidic environment of the
stomach (pH 1–3) and begins
denaturing dietary protein in
preparation for the action of
pepsin.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
CHIEF CELLS produce
PEPSINOGEN
This concoction of secretions plus water and mineral salts is more
commonly called
gastric juice
pepsinogen is converted into, is necessary for the
breakdown of protein into
smaller peptide chains.
pepsin
These hormones
help regulate gastric motility.
gastrin
such as G cells, produce a variety of
hormones.
enteroendocrine cells
which help to mix the
various enzymes in the small
intestine with the contents of
the chyme, mechanical digestion in the small intestine
Segmental contractions,
is a
narrow, tube‐like structure
that leaves the caecum but is
closed at its distal end. It is
composed of lymphoid tissue
and has a role in immunity.
vermiform appendix
which propels the food down
as well as facilitating mixing.
peristalsis
As feces enters the rectum, the
stretching of the walls of the
rectum initiates
defecation reflex
hormones regulate the
secretion of pancreatic juice: pancreatic juice: * produced in response to
the presence of hydrochloric acid
in the duodenum, promotes the
secretion of bicarbonate ions.
secretin
hormones regulate the
secretion of pancreatic juice: pancreatic juice: secreted in
response to the intake of protein
and fat, promotes the secretion of
the enzymes present in pancreatic
juice.
cholecystokinin
