Anaphy F

Question 1

As the food bolus moves
from the pharynx into the
esophagus, waves of
esophageal muscle
contractions move the
food bolus down into the
stomach. This wave of
muscle contraction is
called

Answer 1

peristalsis

Question 2

(innermost layer) DS

Answer 2

mucosa

Question 3

is involved in the secretion of
mucus, saliva and gastric
juices. In the small intestine
this layer is involved in
absorption of the products.

Answer 3

mucous epithelium

Question 4

which has a role in
supporting the blood vessels and lymphatic tissue of the
mucosa.

Answer 4

lamina propria

Question 5

is a thick layer of
connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels and
some small glands. second main layer DS

Answer 5

SUBMUCOSA

Question 5

The outermost layer is
called the DS consists of a
thin smooth muscle layer
that helps to form the
gastric pits or the
microvilli of the digestive
system.

Answer 5

muscularis mucosa

Question 6

nerves that
stimulate the intestinal
glands to secrete their
products.

Answer 6

MEISSNER’S PLEXUS

Question 7

The largest area of serosa is
found in the abdominal and
pelvic cavities and is known
as theis a closed sac
and is also a type of serous
membrane.

Answer 7

PERITONEUM

Question 8

The entrance to the stomach
from the esophagus is via the

Answer 8

ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Question 8

controls the exit of
chyme from the stomach into
the small intestine.

Answer 8

PYLORIC SPHINCTER

Question 8

innervates the stomach with parasympathetic
fibers that stimulate gastric motility and the secretion of
gastric juice.

Answer 8

VAGUS NERVE

Question 8

reduce gastric
activity.

Answer 8

SYMPATHETIC FIBERS

Question 9

When the stomach is empty,
the mucosal epithelia forms

Answer 9

RUGAE

Question 10

produce thick bicarbonate‐coated mucus. This thick layer of mucus
protects the stomach
mucosal epithelia from
corrosion by acidic gastric
juice.

Answer 10

SURFACE MUCUS CELLS

Question 10

also secretes mucus but thin and acidic. This mucus is different from
the thicker, alkaline mucus
produced by surface mucous
cells.

The role of this mucus is
currently unknown.

Answer 10

MUCOUS NECK CELLS

Question 10

produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Answer 10

PARIETAL CELLS

Question 11

is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.

Answer 11

INTRINSIC FACTOR

Question 12

creates the
acidic environment of the
stomach (pH 1–3) and begins
denaturing dietary protein in
preparation for the action of
pepsin.

Answer 12

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Question 13

CHIEF CELLS produce

Answer 13

PEPSINOGEN

Question 14

This concoction of secretions plus water and mineral salts is more
commonly called

Answer 14

gastric juice

Question 14

pepsinogen is converted into, is necessary for the
breakdown of protein into
smaller peptide chains.

Answer 14

pepsin

Question 14

These hormones
help regulate gastric motility.

Answer 14

gastrin

Question 14

such as G cells, produce a variety of
hormones.

Answer 14

enteroendocrine cells

Question 15

which help to mix the
various enzymes in the small
intestine with the contents of
the chyme, mechanical digestion in the small intestine

Answer 15

Segmental contractions,

Question 16

is a
narrow, tube‐like structure
that leaves the caecum but is
closed at its distal end. It is
composed of lymphoid tissue
and has a role in immunity.

Answer 16

vermiform appendix

Question 16

which propels the food down
as well as facilitating mixing.

Answer 16

peristalsis

Question 17

As feces enters the rectum, the
stretching of the walls of the
rectum initiates

Answer 17

defecation reflex

Question 17

hormones regulate the
secretion of pancreatic juice: pancreatic juice: * produced in response to
the presence of hydrochloric acid
in the duodenum, promotes the
secretion of bicarbonate ions.

Answer 17

secretin

Question 17

hormones regulate the
secretion of pancreatic juice: pancreatic juice: secreted in
response to the intake of protein
and fat, promotes the secretion of
the enzymes present in pancreatic
juice.

Answer 17

cholecystokinin