ANAPHY 3-B Flashcards
Two divisions OF skULL
A.Cranial bones (8)
B.Facial bones (14)
The eight bones of the cranium are divided into the
calvarium (skullcap) and the floor
Calvarium CONSISTS OF
FRONTAL
L PARIETAL
R PARIETAL
OCCIPITAL
two main parts of frontal bone
squamous or vertical portion
orbital or horizontal portion
forms the foreheaf
squamous
floor consists of
R Temporal
L Tempora
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
forms the superior part of the orbit
orbital
smooth, raised prominence between the eyebrows just above the bridge of the nose.
Glabella
parts of squamous portion
Glabella
supraorbital groove, margin, and notch
frontal tuberosity
slight depression above each eyebrow
Supraorbital groove
becomes an important landmark because it corresponds to the floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial vault, which is also at the level of the orbital plate or at the highest level of the facial bone mass.
Supraorbital groove
superior rim of each orbit.
Supraorbital margin
a small hole or opening within the SOM
Supraorbital notch (foramen)
larger rounded prominence located on each side of the squamous portion of the frontal bone above the SOG.
Frontal tuberosity (eminence)
parts of orbital portion
orbital plate
ethmoidal notch
forms the superior part of each orbit
Orbital plate
Below the orbital plates lie
facial bones,
above the orbital plates is the
anterior part of the floor of the brain case.
anterior part of the floor of the brain case.
Ethmoidal notch
The frontal bone articulates with four cranial bones:
PES
Right parietal bone * Sphenoid
* Left parietal bone * Ethmoid
frontal bone articulates with eight facial bones
MNLZ
Two maxillary bones * Two zygomatic bones
* Two nasal bones * Two lacrimal bones
The lateral walls of the cranium and part of the roof are formed by the
Parietal Bones
The widest portion of the entire skull is located between the
parietal tubercles (eminences)
are roughly square and have a concave internal surface.
Parietal Bones
parietal bone articulates with five cranial bones:
SOOpFT
frontal bone * Occipital bone
* Temporal bone * Sphenoid
* Opposite parietal bone
rounded part, external surface of the occipital bone. It forms most of the back of the head.
Squamous portion
bump at the inferoposterior portion of the skull.
External occipital protuberance (inion
a large opening at the base of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes as it leaves the brain.
Foramen magnum (great hole)
oval processes with convex surfaces, with one on each side of the foramen magnum.
Two lateral condylar portions (occipital condyles)
– two-part articulation between the skull and the cervical spine.
Atlanto-occipital joint
The occipital bone articulates with six bones:
PAST
Two parietal bones * Two temporal bones
* Sphenoid * Atlas (C1)
Complex structures that house the delicate organs of hearing and balance.
Temporal Bones
It is situated between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone anteriorly and the occipital bone posteriorly.
Temporal Bones
an arch of bone extending anteriorly from the squamous portion of the temporal bone.
Zygomatic process
concave depression that receives the mandibular condyle of the jaw.
Temporomandibular fossa
It is inferior to the zygomatic process and anterior to the EAM.
Temporomandibular fossa
formed by the articulation of the mandibular condyle with the temoporomandibular fossa.
Temporomandibular joint
a slender bony projection projecting inferior to the mandible and anterior to the EAM.
Styloid process
a thin upper portion that forms part of the wall of the skull.
Squamous portion
area posterior to the EAM with a prominent mastoid process.
Mastoid portion
Petrous portion - also called as
petrous pyramid or pars petrosa
houses the organs of hearing and equilibrium, including the mastoid air cells.
Petrous portion
thickest and densest bone in the cranium.
Petrous portion
upper border or ridge of the petrous pyramids. It corresponds to the level of TEA.
Petrous ridge (petrous apex)
an opening or orifice near the center of the petrous pyramid on the posterior surface just superior to the jugular foramen
Internal acoustic meatus
to transmit the nerves of hearing and equilibrium.
Internal acoustic meatus
Each temporal bone articulates with three cranial bones:
SOP
* Parietal bone * Occipital bone
* Sphenoid
Each temporal bone also articulates with two facial bones:
ZM
Zygoma * Mandible
Anterior fontanel
Bregma
Posterior fontanel
Lambda
Right sphenoid fontanel
Right pterion
Left sphenoid fontanel
Left pterion
Right mastoid fontanel
Right asterion
Left mastoid fontanel
Left asterion
certain regions where sutures join are slower in their ossification, and these are called
fontanels.
separates the frontal bone from the two parietal bones.
Coronal suture
separates the two parietal bones in the midline.
Sagittal suture
separates the two parietal bones from the occipital bone.
Lambdoidal suture
formed by the inferior junctions of the two parietal bones with their respective temporal bones.
Squamosal sutures
The articulations or joints of the cranium are called
sutures
suture are classified as
fibrous joints.
It lies primarily below the floor of the cranium.
Ethmoid Bone
small upper horizontal portion of the bone that contains many small openings or foramina through which segmental branches of the olfactory nerves pass
Cribriform plate
projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate
Crista galli (rooster’s comb)
projecting downward in the midline which helps to form the bony nasal septum.
Perpendicular plate
suspended from the undersurface of the cribriform plate on each side of the perpendicular plate.
Two lateral labyrinths (masses)
contain the ethmoid air cells or sinuses and help to form the medial walls of the orbits and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Two lateral labyrinths (masses)
thin, scroll-shaped projections of bone that extend medially and downward from the medial wall of each labyrinth.
Superior and middle nasal conchae (turbinates)
The ethmoid articulates with two cranial bones:
FS
* Frontal bone * Sphenoid
Ethmoid also articulates with eleven facial bones:
alll Except mandible
Right & left maxillae * Right & left lacrimal bones
* Right & left nasal bones * Right & left palatine bones
* Right & left inferior nasal conchae * Vomer
It forms the anchor for all eight cranial bones.
Sphenoid Bone
Se protectslla turcica (Turkish saddle)
hypophysis cerebri or pituitary gland.
central depression on the body that looks like a saddle from the side.
Sella turcica (Turkish saddle)
the back of the saddle that is best seen on a lateral view.
Dorsum sellae
a shallow depression that begins on the posteroinferior aspect of the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone and extends posteriorly to the foramen magnum at the base of the occipital bone.
Clivus
smaller pair, triangular and are nearly horizontal, ending medially in the two anterior clinoid processes
Lesser wings
extend laterally from the sides of the body and form a portion of the floor of the cranium and a portion of the sides of the cranium.
Greater wings
Three pairs of small openings or foramina in the greater wings:
a.Foramen rotundum
b.Foramen ovale
c.Foramen spinosum
– irregular shaped openings, slightly lateral and posterior to the optic foramina on each side.
Superior orbital fissures
small hooklike processes
Pterygoid hamuli
sphenoid articulates with
all seven of the other cranial bones.
Sphenoid also articulates with five facial bones:
PVZ
Right & left palatine * Right & left zygoma
* Vomer