ANAPHT 3-D Flashcards by P A N E

What is the vertebral column commonly called?

Spine or spinal column

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What are the individual bones in the vertebral column called?

Vertebrae

The singular term is vertebra.

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What does the vertebral column provide for the trunk and head?

A flexible supporting column

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vertebral column is located in the

midsagittal plane

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What forms the spinal canal?

Openings in adjacent vertebrae lining up vertically

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Begins at the base of the skull and extends into the sacrum

spinal canal

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What does the spinal canal contain?

The spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid

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What is the starting point of the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata of the brain

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The tapering point of the spinal cord

conus medullaris

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At what vertebral level is a lumbar puncture commonly performed?

L3-L4

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What separates typical adult vertebrae?

Intervertebral disks

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Provide stability and allow flexibility and movement

Intervertebral disk

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How many sections is the vertebral column divided into?

Five sections

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What are the first seven vertebrae called?

Cervical vertebrae

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How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Twelve vertebrae

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What do thoracic vertebrae connect to?

A pair of ribs

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How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Five lumbar vertebrae

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Which vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the vertebral column?

Lumbar vertebrae

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How many separate bones does a newborn have in the vertebral column?

33 separate bones

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What type of curvature do the cervical and lumbar regions have?

Concave curvatures, described as lordotic

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What type of curvature do the thoracic and sacral regions have?

Convex curvatures

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What are the primary curves of the vertebral column?

Thoracic and sacral (pelvic) curves

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When do the primary curves begin to develop?

Soon after birth

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What is the first compensatory curve that forms?

Cervical curve

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What is the second compensatory curve that develops?

Lumbar curvature

Which gender usually has more pronounced lumbar and sacral curves?

Women

An abnormal anterior concavity of the lumbar spine

lordosis

An abnormal condition characterized by increased convexity of the thoracic spine curvature

kyphosis

An abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine

scoliosis

True or False: The lumbar curvature develops when children learn to walk.

True

Fill in the blank: The cervical and lumbar regions are described as _______.

lordotic

Fill in the blank: An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called _______.

scoliosis

What are the three important aspects of the vertebral column?

The body, the vertebral arch, and the joints.

Provide spinal stability and allow flexibility and movement.

Intervertebral disk

What is the difference between a facet and a zygapophyseal joint?

A facet is the articulating surface, while the zygapophyseal joint includes the entire superior or inferior articular process.

What forms the intervertebral foramen?

The alignment of the superior and inferior vertebral notches.

How many intervertebral foramina are there between two vertebrae?

Two, one on each side.

What are the two main parts of an intervertebral disk?

* Annulus fibrosus * Nucleus pulposus

What condition occurs when the nucleus pulposus protrudes through the annulus fibrosus?

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP).

True or False: The first cervical vertebra has a body.

False.

What are the unique characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

Transverse foramina, bifid spinous process tips, overlapping vertebral bodies ## Footnote Cervical vertebrae differ from lumbar and thoracic vertebrae in appearance and structure.

What is the first cervical vertebra called?

C1 (the atlas) ## Footnote The atlas supports the globe of the head.

What is the second cervical vertebra called?

C2 (the axis) ## Footnote The axis allows for the rotation of the head.

What is the seventh cervical vertebra known as?

Vertebra prominens ## Footnote It has features similar to thoracic vertebrae.

What is a key feature of the seventh cervical vertebra?

Extra long and more horizontal spinous process ## Footnote This can be palpated at the base of the neck.

How are the spinous processes of C2 through C6 described?

Fairly short with bifid tips ## Footnote This bifid structure is a unique characteristic of cervical vertebrae.

What shape do typical cervical vertebral bodies have?

Small and oblong ## Footnote The anterior edge is slightly more inferior, causing overlapping.

What is the short column of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes called?

Articular pillar ## Footnote Sometimes referred to as the lateral mass when discussing C1.

What is the orientation of the zygapophyseal joints of the second through seventh cervical vertebrae?

At right angles (90°) to the midsagittal plane ## Footnote These joints are visualized only in a true lateral position.

How are the atlantoaxial joints visualized?

Only on an AP open mouth projection ## Footnote This is in contrast to other cervical zygapophyseal joints.

What forms the superior and inferior boundaries of the intervertebral foramina?

Pedicles ## Footnote These foramina are critical for nerve passage.

What is the angle of the intervertebral foramina relative to the midsagittal plane?

45° angle, open anteriorly ## Footnote They also have a 15° inferior angle due to cervical vertebrae shape.

What is required to open up and demonstrate cervical intervertebral foramina radiographically?

A 45° oblique position combined with a 15° cephalad angle ## Footnote This positioning is necessary due to the foramina's orientation.

CI has no body but simply a thick arch of bone called the

anterior arch

a name derived from the Greek god who bore the world on his shoulders

atlas,

part of the second cervical vertebra (Fig. 8-16), but a superior perspective of C1

dens or odontoid process

considered typical thoracic vertebra

T5, T6, T7, and T8

are smaller and share features of the cervical vertebrae.

upper four thoracic v

larger and share characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae.

lower four thoracic vertebrae

An important distinguishing feature of all thoracic vertebrae is

facets for articulation with ribs

Each thoracic vertebra has a full facet or two partial facets, called

demifacets

Each facet or combination of two demifacets accepts the head of a rib to form a

costovertebral joint

articulation of the first 10 thoracic joints to the tubercles of rib is termed as

costotransverse joints

in thoracic the zygapophyseal joints form an angle of

70 to 75

the openings of the intervertebral foramina on the thoracic vertebra are located at

The largest individual vertebrae are the

five lumbar vertebrae.