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Clinical Skills > Anaesthetic equipment > Flashcards

Anaesthetic equipment Flashcards

1
Q

How is anaesthesia continued following intubation?

A

O2 saturated with an appropriate level of inhalational agent is delivered

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1
Q

What is the intention of an anaesthetic machine?

A

Designed to mix an appropriate controlled level of inhalational agent with O2

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1
Q

What are the names of the modified Mapleson non-rebreathing circuits?

A

Parallel lack for Mapleson A

Co-axial Bain for Mapleson D

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2
Q

Which Mapleson circuit is deemed to have medium efficiency?

A

Mapleson D

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3
Q

What is the role of the induction agent?

A

Provides vet with just about enough time to intubate patient

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4
Q

What is the role of a soda lime cannister?

A

To remove CO2 from expired gas thereby rendering it safe to be rebreathed

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4
Q

Which non-rebreathing circuit requires a flow rate of 2.5-3x minute volume?

A

Mapleson F

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4
Q

What is the difference between Mapleson A and D non-rebreathing circuits?

A

Mapleson A has a fresh gas tube reaching the reservoir bag, then the expired gas tubing follows into the expiratory valve before the ET tube.

Mapleson D additionally has a connecting T-piece: the fresh gas tubing reaches the T-piece then branches into the ET on one side, and the expired gas tubing on the other which feeds into the expiratory valve and then the reservoir bag

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5
Q

What is the typical re-breathing circuit flow rate?

A

10-50 mls/kg/min

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6
Q

What component does Mapleson E/Ayre’s T-piece lack?

A

A reservoir bag

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6
Q

What happens if the flow rate is too high?

A

Wasteful as freshly saturated gas will be escaping into the environment

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8
Q

What is the benefit of inhalational agents?

A

Animals regain consciousness as soon as delivery of inhalational agent is stopped

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8
Q

What is the alternative name for Mapleson A non-rebreathing circuit?

A

Magill

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9
Q

How are induction agents usually administered?

A

As IV injections

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10
Q

What additional feature does a re-breathing circuit have that a non-rebreathing circuit lacks?

A

Soda lime cannister

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10
Q

Is a slightly low flow rate considered an acceptable occurrence?

A

Yes to a degree as gasesous exchange is still occurring despite the presence of deadspace air within the non-rebreathing system

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12
Q

What 2 kinds of breathing circuits are there?

A

Rebreathing

Non-breathing

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13
Q

What component of an anaesthetic machine is this?

A

Vaporiser

14
Q

What is deadspace gas?

A

Air that is inspired but that doesn’t partake in gaseous exchange

15
Q

What would be a good approximation of the minute volume?

A

200 mls/kg/min

17
Q

Why are maintenance agents safer than their IV counterparts?

A

IV agents require metabolism (usually by liver) to deactivate and allow animal to regain consciousness

18
Q

What is the minute volume?

A

Volume of gas expired per minute

19
Q

How many times the minute volume is needed for Mapleson D?

A

2-2.5x minute volume?

21
Q

What are the main components of anaesthetic machines?

A

Fresh O2 supply

Flow meter

Vaporiser

Breathing circuit

Scavenging system

22
Q

What is the alternative name for Mapleson F non-rebreathing circuit?

A

Jackson-Rees

24
Q

What are the main factors for rebreathing circuits?

A

Rebreathing circuits are when the patient rebreathes expired air:

  • > expired gas contains higher levels of CO2 - this must be extracted before the paitient rebreathes it
  • > economical
  • > high resistance - therefore only suitable for large patients >25kg
25
Q

What feature does Mapleson E/Ayre’s T-piece lack?

A

A reservoir bag

27
Q

What are the two components to achieving general anaesthesia?

A

Induction agent

Maintenance agent

28
Q

Which non-rebreathing circuits are redundant models?

A

Mapleson B, C and E (Ayre’s T-piece)

29
Q

What is the name of the modified Mapleson A?

A

Parallel lack non-rebreathing circuits

30
Q

Which of the Mapleson non-rebreathing circuits has the highest efficiency?

A

Mapleson A

31
Q

What is the general flow rate administered in practice?

A

2-3 L/min until anaesthesia is stable

0.5-1 L/min maintenance

32
Q

What must happen within a non-rebreathing circuit to prevent expired gases from being rebreathed?

A

Fresh gas flow rate must exceed the minute volume

34
Q

What feature of the anaesthetic machine is this?

A

Oxygen tank

35
Q

What are the main features of non-breathing circuits?

A

Patient does not rebreathe expired gas:

  • > gas must be flushed out of the circuit before the next inhalation
  • > uneconomical
  • > low resistance therefore suitable for patients
35
Q

Breathing circuits are composed of which principle features?

A

Adapter connecting to ET tube

Expiratory valve

Reservoir bag

Fresh gas tubing

Expired gas tubing

36
Q

What is the Co-axial Bain a modification of?

A

Mapleson D non-rebreathing circuit

38
Q

What happens if the flow rate is slightly too low?

A

Deadpace gas remains within the non-rebreathing system, rather than being purely freshly satured O2

39
Q

When is the flow rate considered to be unacceptable? Why?

A

When the flow rate is very low it is unacceptable because this results in expired alveolar air infiltrating the non-rebreathing circuit, preventing maximum gasesous exchange

40
Q

What feature of the anaesthetic machine is this?

A

Scavenging system

41
Q

Which component of an anaesthetic machine is this?

A

Flow meter

42
Q

What amount times the minute volume is needed for a Mapleson A non-rebreathing circuit?

A

1x minute volume

43
Q

Which of the non-rebreathing circuits has the lowest efficiency? What is the resultant clinical significance?

A

Mapleson F has the lowest efficiency because it has the least resistance

Lowest efficiency is ideal for small patients

Clinical Skills (8 decks)

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