Anaesthesia and Critical Care

Question 1

what happens to the heart rate in neurogenic shock?

Answer 1

Bradycardia (loss of sympathetic input)

Question 2

What happens to the cardiac output in septic shock?

Answer 2

Increased CO

Question 3

what happens to the SVR in septic shock?

Answer 3

Decreased SVR

Question 4

what happens to the cardiac output in cariogenic shock?

Answer 4

Decreased CO

Question 5

what happens to the cardiac output in cardiogenic shock?

Answer 5

Increased SVR

Question 6

what happens to the central venous pressure in cariogenic shock?

Answer 6

Increased CVP

Question 7

what happens to the central venous pressure in septic shock?

Answer 7

Decreased CVP

Question 8

where is a trachoestomy incision made in adults?

Answer 8

between 2nd + 4th tracheal rings

Question 9

how much blood is lost in type II haemorrhagic shock?

Answer 9

750-1500ml (15-30%)

Question 10

how much blood is lost in type III haemorrhagic shock?

Answer 10

1500-2000ml (30-40%)

Question 11

how much blood is lost in type IV haemorrhagic shock?

Answer 11

> 2000 (>40%)

Question 12

when should a tracheostomy tube be changed at the earliest?

Answer 12

3 days post op

Question 13

what is the cardiac index?

Answer 13

Assessment of cardiac output based on a persons size. Cardiac output / total surface area m2.
Normal 2.5-4.0L/MIN/M2

Question 14

In hypocalcaemia what happens to the QTc interval?

Answer 14

Prolonged QTc

Question 15

what is the average normal stroke volume?

Answer 15

70ml/beat

Question 16

what is the action to stimulation of beta-2 receptors?

Answer 16

Vasodilation

Bronchodilation

Question 17

what substance do beta receptors activate?

Answer 17

Adenylate Cyclase

Question 18

do beta receptors result in increased or decreased production of cAMP?

Answer 18

Increased

Question 19

though which part of the brain is pain conveyed?

Answer 19

Thalamus

Question 20

what sensory modality is carried by A-alpha fibres?

Answer 20

Proprioception

Question 21

what sensory modality is carried by A-beta fibres?

Answer 21

Light Touch

Question 22

what sensory modality is carried by A-delta fibres?

Answer 22

Sharp localised Pain

Question 23

what sensory modality is carried by C fibres?

Answer 23

Diffuse dull pain

Question 24

are C fibres myelinated?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

which of the following type of nerve fibre has the smallest diameter: A-alpha, A-beta, A-delta, C fibre

Answer 25

C fibres

Question 26

what is the narrowest part of the airway in children?

Answer 26

Cricoid

Question 27

what does the CVP measure?

Answer 27

right atrial filling pressure | in normal circumstances approximates left atrial filling pressure

Question 28

at what VO2 level is anaerobic threshold reached?

Answer 28

50% of VO2 max

Question 29

does intermittent positive pressure ventilation lead to an increase or decrease in ICP?

Answer 29

Increase

Question 30

does intermittent positive pressure ventilation lead to an increase or decrease in blood pressure?

Answer 30

Decrease

Question 31

does intermittent positive pressure ventilation lead to an increase or decrease in splanchnic blood flow?

Answer 31

Decrease

Question 32

what is the maximum dose of lignocaine?

Answer 32

200mg | 20ml of 1%

Question 33

what is the maximum dose of lignocaine with adrenaline?

Answer 33

500mg | 50ml of 1%

Question 34

what is the maximum dose of bupivacaine?

Answer 34

150mg

Question 35

which local anaesthetic agent is contraindicated in regional block?

Answer 35

Bupivacaine

Question 36

which local anaesthetic is most commonly used in a regional block?

Answer 36

Prilocaine

Question 37

what doses/kg are maximum for lidocaine?

Answer 37

3mg without adrenaline, 7mg with adrenaline

Question 38

what doses/kg are maximum for bupivacaine?

Answer 38

2mg/kg

Question 39

what doses/kg are maximum for prilocaine?

Answer 39

6mg without adrenaline, 9mg with adrenaline

Question 40

how do you calculate mean arterial pressure?

Answer 40

MAP = DBP + 0.3(SBP - DBP)

Question 41

how do you calculate cerebral perfusion pressure?

Answer 41

CPP = MAP - ICP

Question 42

what respiratory rate is concurrent with SIRS response?

Answer 42

>20

Question 43

what HR is concurrent with SIRS response?

Answer 43

>90

Question 44

what is the paO2 of venous blood?

Answer 44

5.33