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anaestheiology Flashcards

1
Q

anesthesia was derived from-

A

greek anaisthaesia

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2
Q

freedom from pain -

A

analgesia

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3
Q

behavioral changes where anxiety is relieved and the patient becomes relaxed and the patient is aware of their surrounding-

A

tranqilization

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4
Q

central depression + drowsiness and unaware of the surrounding

A

sedation

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5
Q

drugs that induces a state of sleep

A

narcosis

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6
Q

artificially induced sleep or tranqresembling sleep-

A

hypnosis

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7
Q

loss of sensation in circumscribed area

A

LA

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8
Q

example of regional anesthesia

A

Paralumbar nerve block

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9
Q

define GA

A

drug induced loss of consciousness that is characterized by reversible loss of consciousness and analgesia.In this state the patient cannot be aroused from notius stimuation. the sensory,motor and autonomous reflex functions are attenuated

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10
Q

state or plane GA where there is unconsciousness+muscle relaxation+analgesia

A

surgical anesthesia

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11
Q

the state of anaesthisia indused by multiple drugs

A

balanced anaesthesia

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12
Q

what is dissociative anesthesia

A

drugs that dissociate the thalamocortic and limbic system(ketamin) and it is characterised by cataleptoid state

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13
Q

state of waxy flexibility is -

A

catalepsy

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14
Q

name the true narcotic

A

chloral hydrate

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15
Q

types (classification )anesthesia

A
  1. inhalation anesthesia
  2. injectable anesthesia
  3. oral or rectal anesthesia
  4. local anesthesia
  5. regional or conduction anesthesia
  6. electronarcosis
  7. TENS- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimualtion
  8. acupuncture
  9. hypothermia
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16
Q

what are the general consideration for administration of anesthesia

A
  1. species
  2. age
  3. breed
  4. nature of surgery
  5. dieseas condition
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17
Q

factors influencing the selection of anesthetic technique

A
  1. size
  2. sex
  3. physical condition
  4. temperment/biological activity
  5. genetic differences
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18
Q

patient evaluation

A
  1. physical status
  2. haematological test
  3. cardiopulmonary evaluation
  4. biochemical test

(TPP,SGPT,HG,CREATININE)

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19
Q

what are the categories of patient in regards to physical status -

A

category 1
healthy patient with no systemic diseases
category 2
slight or mild systemic diseases with cs
category 3
mild or moderate systemic diseases with noticable cs
category 4
extreme systemic diseases which is threat to the life
category 5
morbid or dying patients

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20
Q

characteristics of an ideal anesthetic ?

A
  1. rapid induction,quick alteration in deapth, rapid recovery
  2. does depend on body for detoxification
  3. non irritant
  4. non inflammable or explosive
  5. causes no or minimal depression of vival functions
  6. produces good muscle relaxtion and analgesia
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21
Q

what are the preparations done for patients for anesthesia

A
  1. fasting
  2. fluid adminstartion
  3. anaemia and hypovolumia
  4. antibiotics
  5. oxygen administration
  6. preaneathetic corticosteriouds
  7. patient postioning
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22
Q

what is the classification of analgesics

A
  1. opoids
  2. salicylates
  3. non opiods and non salicylates
  4. paraamphenicol derivatives
  5. alpha2 adrenergic agonits
  6. local anesthetic
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23
Q

what analgesic is used for pain control during cancer and chemotheraphy

A

fentanyl

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24
Q

pentazozine trade name and dose

A

Fortwin 1.6-3.2mg/kg /4h/im

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25
Q

tramadol is an

A

opoid analgesic

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26
Q

what is the dose and trade name of opiod analgesia buprenorphin

A

bupregesia -0.006-0.020mg/kg

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27
Q

name non opiod analgesic

A

meloxicam,piroxicam,meglumin,diclofenac,tolfenamic acid

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28
Q

meloxicam dose

A

loading dose - 0.2mg/kg

maint dose -0.1mg/kg

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29
Q

what is carprofen and what is its dose?

A

dose 2.2mg/kg BID carodyl and dolocrap

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30
Q

name the analgesia used in horses

A

flunexin megludyne

31
Q

name an NSAID

A

tolfenamic acid - 4mg/kg/sc

32
Q

what are the commonly used LA

A

cocaine,procaine,lignocaine,bupivacaine,mepevacaine

33
Q

name the LA used for eye surgery

A

tetracaine,paracaine

34
Q

name an ester group of local anesthetic

A

procaine hydrochloride(35mg/kg)

35
Q

name an amide type of local anaesthetic

A

lignocaine

36
Q

epidural nerve block location

A

s5cy1/cy1cy2

37
Q

lacation for paravertebral nerveblock

38
Q

what are the two technique for paravertebral nerve block

A

farqourson and magdas technique

39
Q

lignocaine is toxic for

40
Q

what should be added to potentiate local anesthetics

A

epenephrine/adrenaline and hyaluridinase

41
Q

what is the anaesthsia used for caudal epidural in recurrent prolapse of uterus and vagina

A

bupivacane hydrochloride

42
Q

name the local anesthetic used in horses

A

mepivacaine hydrochloride

43
Q

what are the types in infilteration technique

A

line block

field block

44
Q

name the type of infilteration technique for flank approach

A

inverted L

45
Q

name the infilteration technique for teat repair

A

ring and inverted L

46
Q

drugs used for smooth induction and recovery from anesthesia

A

pre anesthetics

47
Q

what are the ideal properties of a preaneathetic

A
  1. calm down the patient
  2. to induce sedation
  3. to decrease the intake of anaesthesia
  4. to D gastric volume and acidity
  5. D airway Secreation
  6. D autonomic refelx action
  7. to provide analgesia and musle relaxation
  8. to surpress vomition and regugitation
  9. smooth induction and recovery
48
Q

what is the classification for PA drugs

A 
#anticholinergic
#sedatives-chlorpromazine,acepromazine,diazepam,zolazepam
#opoids-
#tranquilizers-chloral hydrate,detomidine,meditomidine
49
Q

what is the dose of atropine sulphate

A

0.04-0.06mg/kg

50
Q

what id more potent than atropine sulphate

A

glycopyrolate

51
Q

what is the dose for glicopyrolat

A

0.01-0.02mg/kg

52
Q

name three phenothiazine derivative (tranquilizers)

A

acepromazine,chlorpromazine,triflupromazine

53
Q

name a sedative given during transporation

A

chlorpromazine HCL

54
Q

what is the PA given in bitches for obstertical cases

A

chlorpromazine HCL

55
Q

dose for chlorpromazine HCL (largatil and tramchlor)

A

0.5-1mg/kg

56
Q

what PA is used along with thiopentone

A

trifluropromazine-siquil -
dog-1-2mg/kg IV
cattle -0.1-0.3mg/kg IV

57
Q

name a potent neuroleptic drug

A

azepromazine maleate

58
Q

dose for azepromazine maleate

A

d-0.01-0.1mg/kg

LA-0.03-0.05mg/kg

59
Q

most potent antiemetic

A

Domstal-droperidol

60
Q

what is the role of benzodiazepine

A

Muscle relaxation properties

61
Q

antidote for benzodiazepine -

A

flumazelin

62
Q

route of adminstartion for benzodiazepines

63
Q

dose for diazepam is

A

D-0.1-0.5mg/kg IV

LA- 0.5-1mg/kg im

64
Q

name some alpa 2 agonists

A

xylazine, deditomidine and meditimidine

65
Q

what is the side effect of xylazine HCL

A

emesis and abortion in last trimester of preganancy in cattle

66
Q

xylazine dose and antidote

A

0.5 mg/kg IM dogs
5mg/50kg im cattle
yohimbin

67
Q

name few narcotics

A

morphine, oxymorphine, fentanyl, pantazozine, buprenorphine

68
Q

morphine acts on which receptor-

A

u and k recetor

69
Q

name a synthetic narcotic agent that does not release histamin

A

fentanyl (SUBLIMAZE)

70
Q

dose for fentanyl

A

d-0.005-0.02 mg/kg IV

ponies -0.05mg/kg

71
Q

antagonist for fentanyl -

A

deprenorphine

72
Q

what is the standing anesthesia -

A

butorphenol (b+ketamine+xylazine)

73
Q

name a neuroleptic analgesic

A

innorvar vet - fentanyl and droperidol

Regional surgery (12 decks)

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