Anaerobic GPRs Flashcards
Propionibacterium acnes
- Normal flora
Skin (contaminant)
Propionibacterium acnes
- GLC
GLC = aP
Propionibacterium acnes
- Diseases or infections it’s involved in
CNS shunt infections, endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, eye
- Found in blood and CSF cultures after 5 days
Bifidobacterium
- Normal flora
Common fecal flora
Bifidobacterium
- Gram stain
Y-shaped GPR
- Non-sporeforming
Lactobacillus
- Normal flora
GI and vaginal flora
Lactobacillus
- Gram stain
Non-sporeforming GPR
Actinomyces
- Gram stain
Often branching GPRs
- Non-sporeforming
Actinomyces israelii
- Colonial morphology
ROUGH/SLOW growth
- Molar tooth 5-14 days or longer
Actinomyces israelii
- Gram stain
Branching GPRs
- Non-sporeforming
- Chunky in broth
Actinomyces israelii
- Diseases or infections it’s involved in
- Actinomycosis → “Lumpy Jaw”
- Sulfur granules from drainage
Mobiluncus
- Gram stain
Motile, sligthly curved GPR
- Non-sporeforming
Mobiluncus
- Diseases or infections it’s involved in
Non-specific vaginitis or bacterial vaginosis
Eubacterium
- Diseases or infections it’s involved in
Rarely cause disease b/c it’s a beneficial bacterium
Eubacterium
- Normal flora
Intestinal tract
Eggerthella lenta
- Normal flora
Intestinal tract
Three types of spores
- Terminal
- Central
- Subterminal
Most clinical isolates of anaerobic gram positive sporeforming rods are ____
Clostridium spp
Clostridium perfringens
- Gram stain
GPR
- Sporeforming
- Often stains Gram negative on a direct smear
Clostridium perfringens
- What are the reactions w/ milk, lecithinase, lipase, and reverse CAMP test?
- Milk: proteolytic (curd/digest)
- Lecithinase: positive on EYA
- Lipase: negative on EYA
- Reverse CAMP: positive
Clostridium perfringens
- Colonial morphology
Double zone beta hemolysis
Clostridium perfringens
- 2 major diseases
- Gas gangrene
- Food poisoning
Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
- Most common cause
- Toxins
- What happens
- Clostriidum
- Cytotoxins destroy cells/tissues
- Gas, bullae, discoloration
Crepitant (anaerobic) cellulitis
- What is NOT involved?
Muscle and facia
Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is found in what foods?
Meats and gravy
Clostridium ramosum
- Normal flora
GI
Clostridium ramosum
- Gram stain
Virgina rail fence and palisading; terminal spores rarely seen
Clostridium septicum
- Colonial morphology
Swarms; spreading colonies; slight beta hemolysis
Clostridium septicum
- Gram stain
Citron-shaped GPRs
Clostridium septicum
- 2 diseases
- Gas gangrene
- Bacteremia associated w/ malignancy (colon cancer, leukemia or lymphoma)
Clostridium septicum
- For diseases, are the mortality rates high or low and can therapy make a difference?
- High mortality rates
- Early recognition and proper therapy can make a signficant difference in mortality
Clostridium sordellii
- Gram stain
Chaining GPR, w/ lots of free spores
Clostridium sordellii
- Colonial morphology
Very irregular colonies
Clostridium tetani
- Gram stain
GPRs w/ LARGE terminal spores
Clostridium tetani
- Colonial morphology
Irregular shaped colonies, “course ground glass”
Tetanus
- Another name/what does it cause
- Infection or intoxication?
- “Lockjaw”
- Intoxication
Clostridium botulinum
- 3 infections
- Foodborne
- Infant botulism (aka Floppy Baby Syndrome)
- Wound botulism
Foodborne C. botulinum
- Found in what foods
- Infection or intoxication
- What occurs from disease
- Treatment
- Found in home canned foods
- Intoxication
- Occurs from descending “flaccid paralysis”
- Treatment is an antitoxin
Infant botulism caused by C. botulinum
- Another name
- What food is implicated
- Infection or intoxication
- aka Floppy Baby Syndrome
- Found in honey
- Infection
Clostridium sporogenes
- Lipase reaction
Lipase +
Clostridium sporogenes
- Gram stain
GPR w/ subterminal and free spores
Clostridium sporogenes
- Colonial morphology
Can swarm (filamentous, medusa head colonies)
Clostridium difficile
- Normal flora
Intestinal flora
Clostridium difficile
- Colonial morphology
Large colonies, irregular edge and shape, raised yellowish to grey-white with a COARSE “CIS”
Clostridium difficile
- GLC
GLC = a…IC
Clostridium difficile causes an _____ _____ diarrhea
Antibiotic associated → pseudomembraneous colitis
What is true about C. difficile diseases’s mortality?
Bloody diarrhea can be fatal
Why does C. difficile disease potentially serious threat to immunocompromised patients?
Spores on hands, bed sheets, surfaces in hospital environment
Clostridium difficile
- 2 major toxins
- Toxin A = enterotoxin
- Toxin B = cytotoxin
2 ways to identify Clostridium difficile
- Rapid real-time PCR
- Gold standard toxigenic culture for C. diff (using cycloserine, cerfoxitin, fructose agar → CCFA) and ID (but too slow)
Rapid real-time PCR assays for which of Clostridium difficile’s toxins
Toxin B
Clostridium clostridioforme
- Gram stain
GPR that more commonly stains Gram negative; tapered ends
- Football shaped
Propionibacterium acnes
- Colonial morphology
May be aerotolerant
Aerotolerant Clostridium form spores under ____ conditions
Anaerobic
- Grows better anaerobically compared w/ growth in CO2
3 examples of aerotolerant Clostridium
- C. carnis
- C. histolyticum
- C. tertium
Mobiluncus
- Normal flora
Vaginal
