AN10 Midterm Flashcards
Lecture 1 - 18
Opponens Pollici
O: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
A: Oppose thumb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: Abducts thumb; helps oppose it
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: Flexor Aretinanculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: Superficial head - Flexes thumb
Deep head - ABducts thumb
Adductor Pollicis
O: Oblique head - base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate and adjacent carpals
Transverse head- anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: Adducts thumb towards lateral border of palm
abductor Digiti Minimi
O: Pisiform
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: ABducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of its Proximal phalanx at the MCP
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: Hook of hazmat and flexor retinaculum
I: Meidal side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: Medial border of 5th metacarpal
A: Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit onto opposition to the thumb
Palmer’s Brevis
O: Medial border of the palmar aponeurosis
I: Skin on medial border of hand
A: Wrinkles the skin of the hypothear eminence
Deep Palm Muscle - Lumbricals (1st and 2nd)
O: Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)
I: Lateral side of extensor expansions of digits 2-5
A: Flex’s MCP joints; extend IP of digits 2-5
Deep Palm Muscle - Lumbricals (3rd and 4th)
O: Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate msucles)
I: Lateral side of extensor expansion of digit 2-5
A: Flex MCP joints; extend IP joints of 2-5
Palmar Interossei, 1-3
O: Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)
I: Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd 4th and 5th digits
A: Adducts 2nd 4th and 5th digits toward axial line, assists lumbricials in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints
Dorsal interossei , 1-4
O: Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles)
I: Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd -4th digits
A: Abducts digits 2,3,4 from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints
Latissimus Dorsi
O: Illiac Crest, Thoroaco- Lumbas fascia, spinous process of last 6 thoracic vertebrae and last 3-4 ribs
I: Floor of intertubercular groove
A: Extension, rotation & medial rotation of the humerus
Trapezius (Upper Fibres)
O: External opipital Protuberance, middle 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament
I: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
A: Elevates the scapula
Trapezius (Middle Fibres)
O: Spinous process of C7 to T4
I: Acromion
A: Retraction of the scapula
Trapezius (Lower Fibres)
O: Spinous Process of T5 - T12
I: Spine of Scapula
A: Depress the scapula
Rhomboid Minor / Rhomboid Major
Minor:
O: Nuchal ligament & spinous process C7-T1
I: Medial border of scapula at the spine of scapula
Major:
O: Spinous process T2 - T5
I: Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle
Both have the same action
A: Adducts (retracts scapula), does downward rotation and fixes scapula to thoracic wall
Levator Scapulae
O: Posterior Tubercle of transverse process of C1-C4 I: Medial border of scapula superior to the root of the spine of the scapula
A: Elevates scapula and performs downward rotation of the scapula
Pectoralis Major
O: Clavicular Head; Anterior surface of the medial 1/2 of the clavicle
Sternal Head; Anterior sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages and aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominal muscles
I: Lateral lip of the inter-tubercular groove of the humerus
A: Adduct, internal rotation of the humerus and extends the arm from 90 degrees of flexion
Pectoralis Minor
O: Ribs 3-5 close to their costal cartilage
I: Coracoid process of the scapula
A: Stabilize the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
Subclavius
O: Junction of first rib and it’s cartilage
I: Inferior aspect of clavicle (middle third)
A: Draws clavicle medially and anteriorly
Serratus Anterior
O: External surfaces of the lateral part of the ribs 1-8
I: Anterior surface of the medial border of scapula
A: Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall, upward rotation of scapula
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)
A: 1st 15 degrees of arm abduction + stabilize the humerus
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)
A: Lateral rotation + stabilize humerus
Teres Minor
O: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)
A: Medial rotation of humerus + stabilize shoulder
Teres Major
O: Inferior angle of scapula
I: Crest of the lesser tubercle (medial lip of the inter tubercular groove)
A: Extension, adduction and internal rotation of the humerus
“Lats little helper”
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus ( middle facet)
A: Medial rotation of humerus + stabilize shoulder
Deltoid
O: Inferior surface of the lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid Tuberosity
A: All fibres abduct the shoulder, past 15 degrees
Threee groups
Anterior Fibers: Flex and medially rotate humerus
Middler Fibers: abduct humerus
Posterior Fibers: Extend and laterally rotate humerus
Biceps Brachii
O: Short head; Tip of coracoid process
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis
A: Supinates forearm, flexes forearm, flexes arm, resists dislocation of shoulder
Brachialis
O: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
A: Flexes forearm in all positions , Located deep to Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
O: Tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: Middle 1/3rd of medial surface of humerus
A: Helps flex and adduct the arm; resists should dislocation
Triceps Brachii
O: Long Head; Infra-glenoid tubercle
Lateral Head: Posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial Head; Posterior surface humerus, inferior to radial groove
I: Proximal end of olecranon and facia of forearm
A: Chief extensor of the forearm, long head resists dislocation, especially durning adduction
Anconeus
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of post surface of ulna
A: Assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow
Pronator Teres
O: Ulnar head; Coronoid process
Humeral head; Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Middle third of lateral surface of radius
A: Pronates and flexes forearm at elbow
Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
A: Flexes and abducts hand (At wrist)
Palmer’s Longus
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Distal half of flexor retinacumlum and Palmar aponeurosis
A: Flexes hand at wrist, tightens palmar aponeurosis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)
O: Humeral head; Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head; Oleranon and posterior border of ulna
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate , 5th metacarpal
A: Flexes and adducts hands
Flexor Digitorum Supeficialis (FDS)
O: Humeroulnar head; Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of the ulna
Rasial Head; Superior half of anterior radius
I: Shafts of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Flexes middle phalanges of PIP joints of digits 2-5, also flexes MCP joints with stronger action
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)
O: Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Flexes distal phalanges 2-5 at DIP joint
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: Flexes phalanges of 1st digits
Pronator Quadratus
O: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
I: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
A: Pronates the arm
found in layer 3
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: Posterior surface of proximal 1/ of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
I: Base of 1st metacarpal
A: ABducts thumb and extends it at CMC joint
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint; extends MCP and CMC joints
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius and interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP joints; extends CMC joints
Extensor Indicis
O: Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
A: Extends 2nd digit, helps extend hand at wrist
Supinator
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and annular ligament, supinator fossa on the ulna and crest of ulna
I: Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 radius
A: Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anterior or superior
Extensor Digiti Minimi
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Extensor expansions of 5th digit
A: Extend 5th digit at MCO joints; secondarily at IP joints
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis
I: Dorsal aspect of base 5th metacarpal
A: Extends and adducts hand at wrist
Extensor Digitorum
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Extensor expansion of medial 4 digits
A: Extends medial 4 digits primarily at MCP joints; secondarily at IP joints
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
A: Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint; ECRL active durning fist clenching
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
A: Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
Brachioradialis
O: Proximal 2/3 of supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Lateral surface of distal end of radius
a: Weak flexion of the elbow, maximal in mid-pronation
Roles of Muscles
Agonist: Principle msucle producing a joint motion
Antagonist: Opposite anatomic action of the agonist
Synergist: Contracts the same time as the agonist
Stabilizer: Muscle that is active to keep limb from moving when agonist muscle attracts
What is in the proximal row for the bones of the hand - laterally to medially
Scaphoid- Largest bone in the proximal row . most commonly fractured bone
Lunate - moon shape , articulates proximally with the radius
Triquetrum - Articulates proximally with articular disc of the distal radio-ulnar joint
Pisiform- small, pea shaped bone
What is in the distal row for the bones of the hand - laterally to medially
Trapezium - Articulates with the 1st metacarpal, scaphoid and trapezoid
Trapezoid - Articulates with the 2nd metacarpal, trapezium, capitate and scaphoid
Capitate - largest bone over all in the carpals , articulates with the 3rd metacarpal, trapezoid, scaphoid lunate and hamate
Hamate: articulates with the 4th and 5th metacarpals, capital and triquetral bones
What word is used to describing the movement of the hand
Prehension
