AN10 Final Exams Written Flashcards
What are the 3 groups of the back
Superficial Group - These muscles move the upper limb & are known as extrinsic back muscles
Intermediate Group - these muscles move the ribs , known as extrinsic back muscles
Deep Group - These muscles move the vertebral column and head are divided into 4 Layers
What is the muscles in the superficial group
Extrinsic Back muscles -
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Rhomboids Minor / Major
Levator Scapula
Serratus Anterior
What muscles are in the Intermediate Group
Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior
What Muscles are in the Deep Group | Name the Layer, group & muscles
Superficial Layer: Spinotransverse Group
Spelnius Capitis & Spelenius Cervicis
Intermediate Layer: Sacrospinalis Group
Erector (Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis )
Deep Layer: Transversospinalis Group
Semispinalis, Multifidus & Rotatores
Deep Minor Layer
Interspinal & Intertransverse muscles
Serratus Posterior Superior
(Intermediate group)
O: Nuchal Ligament, SP of C7-T3
FD: Inferior & lateral
I: Superior border of ribs 2-4 (near the angle of rib)
A: Elevates ribs
Serratus Posterior Inferior
(Intermediate Group)
O: SP of T11-L2
FD: Inferior medially
I: Inferior border of ribs 8-12
A: Depresses ribs
Splenius Capitis
O: Inferior aspect of Nuchal Ligament, SP C7-T3
FD: Superior Lateral
I: Mastoid process, lateral 1/3 nuchal line
A: Unilateral: Rotate head to same side, Laterally flex head and neck to same side
Bilateral: Extend head and neck
Splenius Cervicis
O: Spinous process of T3-T6
FD: superior
I: Transverse processes of C1-3
A: Unilateral: Rotate head to same side, Laterally flex head and neck to same side
Bilateral: Extend head and neck
What are the 3 muscles in the Erector Spinae Group
Iliocostalis , Longissimus & Spinalis
Iliocostalis
O: Posterior Iliac Crest,, Posterior surface of sacrum, Sacroiliac Ligaments, Supraspinous ligament & the lumbar spinous processes
FD: Superiorly
I: Angles of ribs and cervical TVP’s
A: Unilaterally - Lateral flexion of vertebral column
Bilaterally - extend vertebral column
Longissimus
O: Posterior Iliac Crest,, Posterior surface of sacrum, Sacroiliac Ligaments, Supraspinous ligament & the lumbar spinous processes
FD: Superiorly
I: TVP’s in thoracic and cervical regions and the mastoid process of the occiput
A: Unilaterally - Lateral flexion of vertebral column
Bilaterally - extend vertebral column
Spinalis
O: Posterior Iliac Crest,, Posterior surface of sacrum, Sacroiliac Ligaments, Supraspinous ligament & the lumbar spinous processes
FD: Superiorly
I: Spinous Process in thoracic and cervical regions
A: Unilaterally - Lateral flexion of vertebral column
Bilaterally - extend vertebral column
What are the 3 muscles in Deep group, Deep Layer: Transversopinalis Group
Semispinalis (captious, cervicis, thoracis)
Multifidus
Rotatores
Semispinalis
O: Transverse process of C4–T12
I: Spinous process ‘s in Thoracic & Cervical regions, (spanning 4-6) & occiput between nuchal lines
A: Bilateral - Extension of vertebral column and head
Unilateral - Contralateral rotation
Multifidus (intermediate layer)
O: Transverse process’s, sacrum & maxillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae
I: SP’s of superior vertebrae (spanning 2-4 segments)
A: Bilateral - Extension of vertebral column and head
Unilateral - Contralateral rotation
Rotatores (Deepest Layer)
O: TVP’s of entire spinal column
I: SP’s of superior vertebrae (spanning 1-2 segments )
A: Bilateral - Extension of vertebral column and head
Unilateral - Contralateral rotation
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
O: SP of C2
I: Lateral 1/2 Occiput
A: Extends Alan Occipital joint , lateral flexion and rotation
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
O: Posterior tubercle of C1
I: Medial 1/2 occiput
A: Extends head at Alanto Occipital point
Obliquus Capitus Superior
O: TVP of C1
I: Occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: Extends head at Alanto occipital joint , lateral flexion of alanto occipital joint
Obliquus Capitus Inferior
O: SP of C2
I: TVP of C1
A: Rotation of Alanto axial joint
