An Overview of the Solar System

Question 1

Earth science includes:

Answer 1

Geology, the study of the earth; Oceanography, the study of the ocean; Meteorology, the study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather; Astronomy, the study of the universe

Question 2

It is the study of the stars, planets and other objects that make up the universe.

Answer 2

Astronomy

Question 3

It is the study of the structure and history of the universe.

Answer 3

Cosmology

Question 4

Tiny immovable earth at the center of the universe; the sun, moon and stars move slowly in the horizon, slowly revolving around the earth; in ancient and medieval times; finite universe

Answer 4

Geocentric view

Question 5

The two types of matter according to the geocentric view

Answer 5

Earthly and celestial matter

Question 6

A concept by Copernicus; the universe is infinite, stars distributed in all directions; earth is just one of the planets

Answer 6

Copernican concept

Question 7

Sun (also a star) at the center

Answer 7

Heliocentric

Question 8

Earthly matter different from celestial matter is untenable

Answer 8

Dualistic nature of matter

Question 9

The Sun and celestial bodies that revolve around it, including the planets with their satellites, comets, and meteors

Answer 9

The solar system

Question 10

Described the sun-centered system of planetary motion in 1543

Answer 10

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 11

A theory - beginning as a rotating cloud; most of the mass became concentrated in the center to form the sun; the remaining material condensed and accumulated to form the planets

Answer 11

Nebular hypothesis

Question 12

Began to form from metallic and rocky clumps

Answer 12

Inner planets

Question 13

Began forming from fragments with a high percentage of ices

Answer 13

Larger outer planets

Question 14

The planetary system was formed from materials removed from the sun by great gravitational attraction.

Answer 14

Planetessimal theory

Question 15

Theory of planet formation

Answer 15

Planetessimal theory

Question 16

The original nebula was so massive that on further contraction and flattering, it broke into separate cloud or planet.

Answer 16

Protoplanet hypothesis

Question 17

Proposed Protpolanet hypothesis

Answer 17

Gerald Kuoper (1949)

Question 18

The nebula was assumed to have a composition mainly of hydrogen and helium, like the Sun with only 1% of heavier elements.

Answer 18

Dust cloud theory

Question 19

Was the original 10% of the sun’s mass of planets and satellites

Answer 19

Dust cloud

Question 20

Formulated Dust cloud theory

Answer 20

German physicist Carl Friedrick von Weizsacken and US chemist Harold Urey in 1945

Question 21

Very hot = 100 B degrees C; expanding rapidly as it was propelled outward

Answer 21

Primordial universe

Question 22

4 protons (hydrogen) fuse to form 4 hydrogen nuclei - form next heavier element (helium)

Answer 22

Primordial nucleosynthesis

Question 23

The universe originated with an explosion and continues to expand.

Answer 23

Big bang theory

Question 24

Big bang theory - the universe began with _____ of energy that instantly created space and time, as well as the creation of subatomic particles and the chemical elements

Answer 24

Cataclysmic explosion

Question 25

Type of galaxy - poorly defined shapes; with population 1 stars (young blue); with relatively abundant interstellar dust and gas

Answer 25

Irregular

Question 26

With Population, I stars in spiral arms where new stars form; in their nucleus and at the edge of galaxy Population II stars are found

Answer 26

Spiral

Question 27

Do not form new stars; dust and gas already used up; massive galaxies with Population II stars (red giants and white dwarfs)

Answer 27

Elliptical

Question 28

Type of planet - small, dense, rocky; less atmosphere; scarred by craters

Answer 28

Terrestrial/inner planets

Question 29

Large, massive, gaseous; low-density world; able to retain H and helium (light elements)

Answer 29

Jovian/outer planets

Question 29

Large, massive, gaseous; low-density world; able to retain H and helium (light elements)

Answer 29

Jovian/outer planets

Question 30

Planet - smallest, coldest; with rocks and ice; low density

Answer 30

Pluto

Question 31

Between inner and outer planets

Answer 31

Asteroid belt

Question 32

Movement around the Sun

Answer 32

Revolution

Question 33

Spinning on their respective axes

Answer 33

Rotation

Question 34

The biggest, brightest, and hottest object in the solar system

Answer 34

Sun

Question 35

The Sun's hydrogen and helium content

Answer 35

70% and 28%

Question 36

The planet nearest to the sun and second smallest, with a diameter of 3,011 miles

Answer 36

Mercury

Question 37

Mercury - the _____ of nine planets

Answer 37

fastest; can travel 46 km in a second

Question 38

The morning and evening star

Answer 38

Mercury

Question 39

Named after the Roman Goddess of love and beauty; the brightest planet

Answer 39

Venus

Question 40

Venus is the _____ largest planet.

Answer 40

sixth

Question 41

The only planet known to support and have intelligent life

Answer 41

Earth

Question 42

Percentage of liquid on earth

Answer 42

71%

Question 43

The only natural satellite of earth

Answer 43

Moon

Question 44

The closest distance of the moon to the earth

Answer 44

Perigee (356,000 km)

Question 45

The farthest distance of the moon from the earth

Answer 45

Apogee (406,700 km)

Question 46

The layer of the earth with three divisions

Answer 46

Crust

Question 47

Composed of different gases

Answer 47

Atmosphere

Question 48

Composed of lands

Answer 48

Lithosphere

Question 49

Composed of water

Answer 49

Hydrosphere

Question 50

Layer of rocks with a depth of 1,800 miles

Answer 50

Mantle

Question 51

Composed of dense molten metal, while the outer core is molten metal

Answer 51

Core

Question 52

The earth's celestial neighbor beyond the solar orbit

Answer 52

Mars

Question 53

The Babylonians called Mars the _____

Answer 53

Stars of death

Question 54

Mars - named after _____

Answer 54

God of war

Question 55

Moons of mars

Answer 55

Phobos and Deimos

Question 56

The giant member of the planetary system named after the chief Roman god

Answer 56

Jupiter

Question 57

God Jupiter or _____

Answer 57

Jove

Question 58

Mostly make up the Jovian atmosphere

Answer 58

hydrogen and helium

Question 59

Number of satellites of Jupiter

Answer 59

16

Question 60

Discovered the four satellites of Jupiter

Answer 60

Galileo in 1610

Question 61

A huge storm of swirling gas that has lasted for hundreds of years

Answer 61

Great Red Spot

Question 62

The fifth moon of Jupiter

Answer 62

Io

Question 63

Moon of Jupiter that resembles images of sea ice on Earth

Answer 63

Europa

Question 64

The seventh and largest of Jupiter's known satellites

Answer 64

Ganymede

Question 65

Has the oldest, most cratered surface of any body yet observed in the solar system

Answer 65

Callisto

Question 66

Has 23 satellites; orange-colored Titan as the largest

Answer 66

Saturn

Question 67

Discovered Uranus in 1781

Answer 67

William Herchel

Question 68

Number of Earth years for Uranus to orbit the sun

Answer 68

84

Question 69

Reason why Neptune is blue-green in color

Answer 69

Methane in its atmosphere

Question 70

Was first sighted by a German astronomer Galle in 1846

Answer 70

Neptune

Question 71

Thought to consist of about 255 dust and chunks of rocky and metallic materials, and about 75% of ice

Answer 71

Core of Comets

Question 72

Happens to the its ice when a comet comes near the sun

Answer 72

Sublimates

Question 73

Nucleus, forming a large, thin atmosphere

Answer 73

Coma

Question 74

Heavenly bodies in the solar system that, like the planets, revovle around the sun

Answer 74

Asteroids

Question 75

Largest asteroids discovered with a diameter of 480 miles

Answer 75

Ceres

Question 76

An asteroid that passed at only twice the distance of the moon in 1937

Answer 76

Hermes

Question 77

Can be used to obtain rough estimates of their mineral properties

Answer 77

Spectra of Asteroids

Question 78

Popularly known as "shooting stars" or "falling stars"

Answer 78

Meteors

Question 79

A piece of a meteor that lands on the surface of the earth

Answer 79

Meteorite

Question 80

Three classifications of meteorites

Answer 80

Iron, stone, and stony iron

Question 81

Greek term of Pluto

Answer 81

Hades

Question 82

Home to dwarf planets and is the birth place of many comets

Answer 82

Kuiper belt

Question 83

A vast, spherical collection of icy debris; considered the end of the solar system

Answer 83

Oort cloud

Question 84

Named for the dominance of radiation right after the Big Bang

Answer 84

Radiation era

Question 85

Gravity split away from the superforce in this epoch

Answer 85

Planck epoch

Question 86

Strong nuclear, weak, electromagnetic

Answer 86

Grand unification epoch

Question 87

Began during which the universe rapidly expanded

Answer 87

Inflationary epoch

Question 88

Electromagnetic and weak forces split off

Answer 88

Electroweak epoch

Question 89

All of the universe's ingredients present

Answer 89

Quark epoch

Question 90

Formation of protons and neutrons

Answer 90

Hadron epoch