AMT 2203: Powerplant Overhaul & Troubleshooting Flashcards
It is called as internal combustion
Reciprocating engine
Uses one or more pistons in order to convert pressure into rotational motion
Reciprocating engine
Two types of reciprocating engine
Lycoming and continental
The camshaft is on the top of the crankshaft
Lycoming
The camshaft is at the bottom of the crankshaft
Continental
The cycle is also called the ________
Otto cycle
Four strokes
Intake, compression, power and exhaust
Five events
Intake, compression, ignition, power and exhaust
It is located on the camshaft that opens and closes the intake and exhaust valves
Cam lobe
The part responsible for transmitting the movement of the camshaft towards the intake and exhaust valves of the engine
Rocker arm
Foundation of engine
Crankcase
Reduce the friction of moving parts
Bearings
Three types of bearings
Plain bearings, ball bearings and roller bearings
non-ferrous and used for crankshaft, cam ring, camshaft and connecting rods
Plain bearings
Basic major components of a reciprocating engine
Crankcase, cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, valves, valve operating mechanism and crankshaft
Consists of grooved inner and outer races.
Ball bearings
They are used for shaft bearings and rocker arm bearings in some reciprocating engine
Ball bearings
Two types of roller bearings generally used in the aircraft engine
Straight roller and the tapered roller bearings
Used in high power aircraft engines as main bearings to support the crankshaft
Roller bearings
Backbone of the reciprocating engine
Crankshaft
It is subjected to most of the forces developed by the engine
Crankshaft
4 Main parts of a crankshaft
Main journal, crankpin, crank cheek and counterweights and dampers
The part of the crankshaft that is supported by and rotates in the main bearing
Main journal
It is also called connecting-rod bearing journal
Crankpin
The crankshaft will rotate when a force is applied to the ________ in any direction other than parallel to a line directly through the center line of the crankshaft
Crankpin
Sometimes called the crank arm, is the part of the crankshaft which connects the crankpin to the main journal
Crank cheek
It supports a counterweight used to balance the crankshaft and it is usually provide with drilled oil passages
Crank cheek
It provides static balance for a crankshaft
Counterweight
To relieve the whip and vibration caused by the rotation of the crankshaft
Dynamic dampers
It is the link which transmit forces between the piston and the crankshaft of an engine
Connecting rod
The end of the rod which connects to the crankshaft and also called as crankpin end
Large end
The end which connects to the piston pin and also called as piston-pin end
Small end
A cylindrical member which moves back and forth within a steel cylinder
Piston
Two types of piston rings
Compression rings and oil rings
The purpose of this ring is to prevent the escape of combustion gases past the piston during engine operation
Compression rings
The purpose of this ring is to control the quantity of lubricant supply to the cylinder walls and to prevent the oil from passing into the combustion chamber
Oil rings
How many oil control ring is on a piston
One
Sometimes called a wrist pin
Piston pins
It joins the piston to the connecting rod
Piston pins
The piston pin used in a modern aircraft engines is the __________
Full-floating type
It is an internal combustion engine converts the chemical heat energy of the fuel to mechanical energy and transmits it through piston and connecting rods to the rotating crankshaft
Cylinder
The cylinder used in a air cooled engine is the __________
Overhead valve type
7 components of a cylinder
Cylinder barrel
cylinder head
valve guides
valve rocker arm supports
Valve seats
spark plug bushings
cooling fins
Provide a place for combustion of the fuel and air mixture and to give the cylinder more heat conductivity for adequate cooling
Cylinder head
Provides mountain pads for the accessory units
Accessory section
It also serves as part of the lubrication system
Accessory case
A significant feature of the __________ is that separate sections are devoted to each function and all functions are performed simultaneously without interruption
Gas turbine engine
Four types of gas turbine engines
Turbojet, turboprop, turbofan and turboshaft
It is located at the front of the compressor
Air inlet
It must have a clean aerodynamic design to ensure a smooth evenly distributed air flow into the engine
Inlet
Its primary function is to supply air in sufficient quantity to satisfy the requirements of the combustion burners
Compressor section
Its secondary function is to supply bleed air for various purposes in the engine and aircraft
Compressor section
The ______ is taken from any of the various pressure stages of the compressor
Bleed-air
Types of compressors
Centrifugal flow compressors and axial flow compressor
This type of compressor consists of an impeller or rotor, a diffuser or stator and a compressor manifold
Centrifugal flow compressor
This term means that the air is compressed by centrifugal force
Centrifugal
This compressor operate by taking in outside air near the hub and rotating it by means of an impeller
Centrifugal compressor
The air flows axially that is, in a relatively straight path in line with the axis of the engine
Axial flow compressor
It consists of two elements: a rotating member called the rotor and the stator, which consists of rows of stationary blades
Axial flow compressor
Two common types of action flow configurations
Single spool or solid spool and the split spool or dual spool
It houses the combustion process which raises the temperature of the air passing through the engine
Combustion section
Primary function is to burn the fuel and air mixture, thereby adding heat energy to the air
Combustion section
Three types of combustion chambers
Can type, can-annular type and annular type
This type of combustion chamber is consist of an outer shell and a removable liner with openings to permit compressor discharge air to enter from the outer chamber
Can type combustion chamber
This combustion chamber has characteristics of both the annular and can types
Can annular type combustion chamber
This combustion chamber operates at a high pressure level, aiding efficient combustion at reduced power and high altitudes
Can annular combustion chamber
This type of combustion chamber makes the most efficient use of the available space
Annular type combustion chamber
The function of this section is to extract kinetic energy from the high-velocity gases leaving the combustion section of the engine
Turbine section
The function of this section is it must direct the flow of hot gases rearward in such a manner as to prevent turbulence and at the same time impart a high final or exit velocity to the gases
Exhaust section
Two types of exhaust nozzle designs
Converging design for subsonic gas velocities and the converging-diverging design for supersonic gas velocities
These instruments are designed to constantly measure operating parameters relating to the aircraft’s engine
Engine instruments
It is an instrument that indicates the speed of the crankshaft of a reciprocating engine
Tachometer or tach
Used to monitor engine power and to ensure the engine is operated within certified limits
Tachometer
Tachometer color codes
Green - operating range
Yellow - caution range
Red - maximum limit
It measures the cylinder head temperature of an engine
Cylinder head temperature gauge
It is also shows the effectiveness of the engine cooling system
Cylinder head temperature gauge
Extremely high cylinder head temperature means _______
Engine overload
A measurement of the temperature of the exhaust gases at the exhaust manifold
Exhaust gas temperature gauge
It can be used as a basis for regulating the fuel and air mixture entering the engine
Exhaust gas temperature gauge
It indicates an engine’s fuel use in real time
Fuel flow meter
This can be useful to the pilot for ascertaining engine performance and for flight planning calculations
Fuel flow meter
This indicates oil pressure and temperature
Oil gauge
This instrument is one of the most important instruments when it comes to monitoring the engine
Oil gauge
The operating range of oil gauge
180°F to 190°F
Reading should adjust to the oil warming up to ___ minutes
15
It is the step-by-step procedure used to determine the cause of a given fault and then select the best and quickest solution
Troubleshooting
Six troubleshooting process
Symptom recognition
symptom elaboration
listing of probable faulty functions
localizing the fault
isolating the fault to a component
failure analysis
The prerequisites for troubleshooting are to be familiar with the normal engine condition and to be able to recognize when an engine is not operating properly
Symptom recognition
It is the next logical step once a fault or malfunction has been detected
Symptom elaboration
Test equipment, built in or external help the technician to evaluate the performance of the engine and its components
Symptom elaboration
When the technician has located all the symptoms of the malfunction or fault, the third step is to list, either mentally or on paper, the possible causes
Listing of probable faulty functions
It is an attempt to determine which functional system of the engine is actually creating the problem
Localizing the fault
Once the malfunction is isolated to one system, additional testing is done to isolate the fault to a specific component. The technician often uses test equipment to measure or indicate the correct outputs for various system components
Isolating the fault to a component
Once the fault can be traced to a specific component or components, an attempt should be made to determine the cause of the failure
Failure analysis
