AMT 124 REVIEWER PRELIMS Flashcards
1
Q
the distance between stratosphere and ionosphere
A
stratopause
2
Q
it has a 19 layers, 4 major layers
A
Atmosphere
3
Q
High altitude means what pressure?
A
Low pressure
4
Q
meaning of ISA
A
International Standard Atmosphere
5
Q
Pressure:
_Pa
_kPa
_hpa
A
-101325 Pascal
- 101.325 Kilo pascal
- 1013. 25 hecto pascal
6
Q
has a 32km T= Fairly Constant
A
Stratosphere
7
Q
Study of any motion of an object in the air, and all the forces acting on it.
A
Aerodynamics
8
Q
Dangerous region
A
Ionosphere
9
Q
3 parts of Atmosphere:
A
LAYERS, CONSTITUENTS, PARAMETERS
10
Q
the pause and distance between troposphere and stratosphere
A
Tropopause
11
Q
amount of heat present in the atmosphere
A
Temperature
12
Q
0 Ft. MSL upto 36,080
A
Troposphere
13
Q
it’s the application of aerodynamics: operations (o.p.s), troubleshooting, planning, flight etc.
A
Aeronautics
14
Q
meaning of MSL
A
Mean Sea Level
15
Q
it’s the envelope of air extending from the surface of the earth
A
Atmosphere
16
Q
height of an aircraft
A
Altitude
17
Q
high altitude= what temperature
A
low temperature
18
Q
outermost region of the atmosphere
A
exosphere
19
Q
has a 11km/ 11,000m
A
Troposphere
20
Q
High altitude = what Density?
A
low density
21
Q
the environment of aircraft operations. (ground operations, flight ops).
A
Atmosphere
22
Q
Most dominant gas in the atmosphere
A
Nitrogen
23
Q
Inert Gas percentage
A
1% APPROX
24
Q
most mysterious layer of the earth
A
ionosphere
25
Density:
___ slug/ft3
0.002377 slug/ft3 (english system)
26
15oC to 288k = what system?
Metric
27
meaning of tropos
Change
28
_atm
_psi
_lb/ft2
_"Hg
and what system they are?
1atm
14.7 psi (lb/in2)
2116.8 (lb/ft2)
29.92"Hg (Metric)
(english)
29
greek word of troposphere
Tropos
30
59oF to 519 Rankine = what system?
english
31
percentage of Nitrogen in constituents
78.08%
32
Density:
kg/m3
1.225 kg/m3 (metric)
33
3 atmospheric constituents
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Inert Gas
34
" meaning
inches
35
the weight of air molecules present in the atmosphere
pressure
36
Oxygen percentage
20.99%
37
amount of air molecules present in the atmosphere
Density, P (rho)
38
' meaning
ft.
39
SSLC meaning
Standard Sea Level Condition
40
Thickness of the air
Density
41
Equal/opposite Reaction
Newton's Third Law of Motion
42
upward force which causes the aircraft to fly
LIFT
43
Physics of Life
Bernoulli's Principle, Newton's Third law of Motion
44
Energy flow of air molecules is ____ @ straight paths
Constant
45
a= ?
-0.003566 oR/ft, -0.00651 k/m, -6.51 k/km
46
Pressure and Velocity are inversely proportional {High pressure, Low velocity, low pressure, high velocity}.
Bernoulli's Principle
47
a ratio by which temperature decreases or increases as altitude change {Up or Down}
LAPSE RATE, a
48
Theories of lift
Equal Transit Theory, Coanda Effect
49
the down force in coanda effect is also known as?
Downwash force
50
is the actual speed
acceleration/speed
51
Phenomena by which airflow follows the shape of the object at a certain time
Coanda Effect
52
is the opposite of lift
Weight
53
is the reason why the aircraft is moving forward
Thrust
54
constant energy flow, pressure difference
Equal Transit Theory
55
The only force acting on the aircraft when it is stationary on ground
Weight
56
natural force produced by the gravitational force (gravity)
Weight
57
powerplant/engines (produced)
Thrust
58
2 types of drag
Parasite Drag, Induced Drag
59
Drag due to intersection of aircraft parts
Interference Drag
60
3rd law of newton-Action-Reaction
Thrust
61
not dependent to lift
Parasite Drag
62
retarding force due to the ______
Natural Air
63
the type of gas in a thrust
Exhaust Gas (Action)
64
As lift increases, ______ also increases
Induced
65
Undesirable but unavoidable BI-PRODUCT of LIFT
Induced Drag
66
Shape, Frontal Area
Form Drag
67
Vortex Drag
Induced Drag
68
Friction, Fod, ICE, RIVETS
Skin Friction Drag
69
Dependent to lift
Induced Drag
70
“_____” stands for the air, and “_____” denotes motion.
Aero-Dynamic
71
As the wing moves through the air, the airflow will be divided to flow over and under the wing.
When there is a positive angle between the wing and the direction of the airstream, the air is forced
to change direction. If the wing is tilted upward against the airstream, the air flowing under is forced
downward. The air therefore applies a downward force to the air, and the air applies an equal and
opposite upward force to the wing.
Coanda Effect Theory
72
Lift is
directed ______ to the flight direction.
perpendicular
73
Equal Transit theory CAN BE LABELED THE “_____” THEORY OR THE “________”
Long Path, Equal Transit time Theory
74
considered positive when the temperature decreases with elevation,
zero when temperature is constant with elevation and negative when temperature increases with
elevation.
Lapse rate
75
which states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a
decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.
Bernoulli's Principle
76
states that airfoils are shaped with the upper surface longer than the bottom. The air molecules have
farther to travel over the top of the airfoil than along the bottom. In order to meet up at the trailing edge, the
molecules going over the top of the wing must travel faster than the molecules moving under the wing. Because
the upper flow is faster, then, from Bernoulli's equation, the pressure is lower. The difference in pressure across
the airfoil produces the lift.
Equal Transit Theory
77
is a rate of change in temperature observed while moving upward through the earth’s
atmosphere (Troposphere).
Lapse Rate
78
which states that for every action force applied there is an
equal or opposite reaction force produced.
Newton's 3rd law of Motion
79
are known as the atmosphere’s Inert
Gases which primarily comprise the remaining approximately 1% of the earth’s atmospheric constituents.
Argon, Xenon, Neon, Hydrogen, Helium, Krypton and Carbon Dioxide
80
Flying encompasses two major problems;
overcoming the weight of an object by some opposing force, and
controlling the object in flight.
81
is also defined as negative of temperature gradient in the atmosphere.
Lapse rate
82
To overcome the
weight force, airplanes generate an opposing force called _____
lift
83
are mostly found on the lower surfaces of the earth’s atmosphere and have heavier weight of air molecules
than the Nitrogen gas.
Oxygen
84
is generated by the motion of the airplane
through the air and is an aerodynamic force.
Lift
85
may be thought of as a push or pull in a specific direction.
force
86
it is also known as the
environment of aircraft operations.
Atmosphere
87
When describing forces, we have to specify both
the _____ and the _____. This slide shows the forces that act on an airplane in flight.
magnitude and direction
88
the closest layer at the earth’s
surface which comes from the Greek word
“Tropos” meaning change. By which pressure,
temperature and density are changing.
Troposphere
89
is a vector quantity so
a force has both a magnitude and a direction.
force
90
Who established 4 major layers of atmosphere?
International standard Atmosphere (ISA)
91
it is the tendency of a fluid to stick to a surface whether it’s flat or
curved.
Coanda Effect
92
a drag which results
from lift generation - also known as
“vortex drag”
Induced Drag
93
is a retarding force acting upon a body of motion.
Drag
94
_______ or Form drag is caused by the frontal area of the airplane
components being exposed to the airstream. This drag is caused by the form or shape of the airfoil and is the reason streamlining is necessary to increase airplane efficiency and speed.
Pressure Drag
95
is generated by the engines of the aircraft through some kind of propulsion system
Thrust
96
It is directly proportional to
the area of a surface in contact with
the fluid and increases with the
square of the velocity.
Skin-friction drag
97
used to overcome the drag of an airplane, and to overcome the weight of a rocket.
Thrust
98
The impact of the air against the surfaces of the airplane applies force, which tends to hold the airplane back. this force is called the ____ which opposes the thrust force.
Drag
99
is a drag caused by
the friction of a fluid against the
surface of an object that is moving
through it.
Skin Friction Drag
100
the force which moves an aircraft through the air.
Thrust
101
in calculating the total drag force of the aircraft another type of drag must also be considered, which is known to be the _______.
Interference Drag
102
Interference Drag, friction drag, and pressure drag are components of parasite drag which combined to be known as the ______.
Profile Drag
103
constitute the primary control system and are required to
control an aircraft safely during flight.
The Ailerons, Elevators (Stabilators) and Rudder
104
This drag
is caused by interference of airflow between adjacent parts of the aircraft such as intersections of wings and tail surfaces of the aircraft with the fuselage.
Interference Drag
105
The ___ component is most effective
acting vertically, when the ____ vector is tilted rearward due to the downwash, ____ is lost. This loss of ____ is the
Induced drag.
Lift
106
are components of
parasite drag which combined to be known as the Profile drag.
Interference Drag, friction drag, and pressure drag
107
Like the ailerons on small aircraft, the ____ is
connected to the control column in the flight deck by
series of mechanical linkage.
The elevator controls pitch about the lateral axis.
108
These three axes, referred to
as ______, ______ and _____, are each
perpendicular to the others and intersect at the
aircraft center of gravity
.
longitudinal, lateral, and vertical
109
Aft movement of the control column deflects the
trailing edge of the surface up. This is usually
referred to as up “_____”
Elevator
110
At low airspeeds, the controls usually feel ____ and ___, and the aircraft responds slowly to control the
applications.
Soft and sluggish
111
The ______ are attached to the outboard trailing edge of
each wing and move in the opposite direction of the
other.
Ailerons control roll about the longitudinal axis.
112
At higher airspeeds, the controls become increasingly firm and aircraft response is more ____.
Rapid
113
are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness to control inputs while
allowing a natural feel.
Aircraft control systems
114
are connected by cables, bell cranks, pulleys
and/or push - pull tubes to a control wheel or control
stick.
Ailerons
115
improve the performance characteristics of the airplane to
relieve the pilot excessive control forces.
The secondary flight control systems
116
controls movement of the aircraft about
its vertical axis. This motion is called “Yaw”
Rudder
117
as applied to aviation, is defined as "an
imaginary line about which a body rotates"
.
Axis
118
is a moveable surface hinged to a fixed
surface, in this case to the vertical stabilizer, or fin.
Rudder
119
constitute the secondary flight control
systems
Wing Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers and trim systems
