AMT 120 REVIEWER Flashcards
Desirable characteristics of Aircraft Wood Structure:
Light weight, Less expensive than metal, Less special tooling required, Long life when properly preserved
Based on their cellular structure woods are generally classified into two.
Aircraft Wood
____ been early aircraft construction material
Wood
Many of lighter aircraft that were produced in 1930s and 40s have made of wood for structural component such as:
Wing spars, Ribs, Control surface, Fuselage
comes from evergreen trees that bear cones (fir-cone) and has needles rather than leaves called firs.
Soft wood.
It is tough and has good shock-resisting qualities.
Ash
it was the primary material used to construct aircraft in the 1930s
Wood
The difference in physical properties of various species of wood are due to the ___ and _____
cell size and wall thickness
Douglas Fir is a softwood grown in ___ and ____.
Canada and USA
is a hardwood, which grows in the mid-west
Ash
Wood was the primary material used to construct aircraft in the ____
1930s
Sitka Spruce is a softwood, which grows in ___ and the ____ .
Canada and United States of America
comes from deciduous broadleaf trees (has broad leaves and classified as deciduous - shedding leaves) e.g. Mahogany
Hard wood
Three forms of wood commonly used for a/c use.
Solid wood, Laminated wood, Plywood
Ash is a hardwood, which grows in the ____
mid-west
Soft wood comes from evergreen trees that bear cones (fir-cone) and has needles rather than leaves called _____.
firs
primary material during World War 1
Wood
Based on their construction, wood employed for a/c use are classified as (Types of Wood):
Solid wood, Laminated wood, Plywood
It is a brownish yellow in color, straight-grained and satiny in appearance
Sitka Spruce
The distinction between the two is not based on the hardness of the wood, but the ________ of the wood
cellular structure
Plywood is used in the construction of box spars for __, ____, __ and ___, specially for the leading edge of the wing, as well as for flooring and interior cabin paneling.
wings, webs of ribs, wind and fuselage covering
Birch is a hardwood and grows in most parts of ____.
Europe
an example of hardwood:
Mahogany
historically used for telephone poles & railway attachment.
Douglas Fir
It has a reddish brown appearance
Mahogany
refers to the original wood.
Solid wood
Types of wood used in Plane Construction:
Sitka Spruce, Birch, Ash, Douglas Fir
Based on their cellular structure woods are generally classified into two (There are two principal types of woods)
Hard Wood, soft wood
An example of a soft wood
Sitka-Spruce
It has yellow or cream color
Birch
It is yellow-white or brown-white, strong and does not split easily.
Birch
Often used for aircraft wing spars.
Solid wood
Each sheet of thin wood is known as
Veneer
used to form a specific shape or size
Laminated wood
is a softwood grown in Canada and U.S.A.
Douglas Fir
It is yellow-white to yellow-brown in color and is close-grained.
Ash
laminated wood used to form a specific shape or size that are used for:
Components that require curved shape like, wing tips, fuselage formers.
is a hardwood and grows in most parts of Europe.
Birch
most commonly used for aircraft are mad from what wood in a mahogany and birch?
Plywood
solid wood refers to the original wood. often used for ____
Aircraft wing spars.
Process for laminating wood:
Prepare the laminated, apply glue on the mating surface, clamp the laminates together, wait until the glue sets.
Its color varies from reddish yellow to orange brown and it has prominent growth rings.
Douglas Fir
is a softwood, which grows in Canada and the United states of America.
Sitka Spruce
is used in the construction of box spars for wings, webs of ribs, wing and fuselage covering, specially for the leading of the wing, as well as for flooring and interior cabin paneling.
Plywood
is the external cover
Bark
is part of the tree which is alive or partially alive and
Cambium - still carries sap/liquid.
Sapwood
is part of the tree which is dead and does not carry any sap. It supports the tree.
Heartwood
concentric layers of wood that can be seen at the end of a tree trunk/stem that has been cut perpendicular to its length.
Annual Rings
concentric rings called?
annual rings of alternately light and dark - represents growth
formed in the first season of the year, has large cells.
Light rings, representing fast growth.
Springwood
formed in the later growing season, denser and stronger.
Dark rings - Represent slow growth
Summerwood
a separation between the annual ring layers.
Shake
indicates the direction of the wood fibers relative to the axis of the tree or longitudinal edge of a piece of cut lumber (wood, timber, board, plank).
Grain
a wood in
which the fibers have been damaged by compression load
compression wood
a portion of a branch or a limb/member of a tree which has been incorporated in to the body of the tree (is a deformation of grains caused by the growth of a branch)
Knot
a knot resulting from growth of a twig/branch
Pin knot
a radial crack that runs across the grain line
Check
disintegration of actual wood substance by the action of
fungi
decay
lengthwise separation of fibers
split
a knot that runs
through the depth of a beam
perpendicular to the annual ring
Spike knot
a structural failure in wood caused by the application of too great compressive load
Compression failure
terminology of wood:
bark, sapwood, heartwood, annual rings, spring wood, summer wood, shake, grain, compression wood, knot, pin knot, check, decay, split, spike knot, compression failure
