AMT 114 THEORY OF FLIGHT WITH WEIGHT AND BALANCE Flashcards
Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of
flight in the 1480’s. He had over 100 drawings that
illustrated his theories on flight.
Ornithopter - 15th Century CE
The brothers, Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier, were inventors of the first hot air balloon. They used the smoke from a fire to blow hot air into a silk bag. The silk bag was attached to a basket. The hot air then rose and allowed the balloon to be lighter-than-air.
Montgolfier Balloon - 1783
The discovery of the ____ that could fly in the air by the Chinese started humans’ thinking about flying.
Kite - 5th Century BC
he worked to discover a way that man could fly. He designed many different versions of gliders that used the movements of the body to control. A young boy, whose name is not known, was the first to fly one of his gliders.
Sir George Cayley - 1792
For many centuries, humans have tried to fly just
like the birds. Wings made of feathers or light
weight wood have been attached to arms to test
their ability to fly. The results were often disastrous
as the muscles of the human arms are not like a birds and can not move with the strength of a bird.
Tower Jumping - 852 CE
German engineer, _________, studied aerodynamics and worked to design a glider that would fly. He was the first person to design a glider
that could fly a person and was able to fly long distances.
Otto Lilienthal -1881-1896
any vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support
from the air.
The Aircraft
was never actually created. It was a design that Leonardo da Vinci
created to show how man could fly. The modern day helicopter is based on this concept.
Ornithopter flying machine
were used by the Chinese in religious
ceremonies. They built many colorful _____ for fun,
also. More sophisticated _____ were used to test
weather conditions. _____ have been important to the invention of flight as they were the forerunner
to balloons and gliders.
Kites
First, they read about all the early developments of flight. They decided to make “a small contribution” to the study of flight control
by twisting their wings in flight. Then they began to test their ideas with a kite. They learned about how the wind would help with the flight and how it could affect the surfaces once up in the air.
Wright Brothers - 1903
where they worked for two more years perfecting their design. Finally, on October 5, 1905, Wilbur piloted the Flyer III for 39 minutes and about 24 miles of circles around Huffman Prairie. He flew the first practical
airplane until it ran out of gas.
Wright Brothers
Parts of an Aircraft:
Powerplant, Wings, Empennage, Landing gear, Fuselage
He was fascinated by the idea of flight. Based on his
studies of birds and how they fly, he wrote a book on aerodynamics that was published in 1889 and this
text was used by the Wright Brothers as the basis
for their designs.
Otto Lilienthal -1881-1896
Classes of Airplane:
-Single Engine - Land
-Single Engine - Sea
-Multi Engine - Land
-Multi Engine - Sea
4 Categories of Aircraft:
- Airplane
-Rotorcraft
-Glider
-Lighter than Air
In 1783, the first passengers in the colorful balloon were a sheep, rooster and duck. It climbed to a height of about 6,000 feet and traveled more than 1 mile. After this first success, the brothers began to send men up in balloons.
Montgolfier Balloon - 1783
They designed and used a wind tunnel to test the shapes of the wings and the tails of the gliders. In 1902, with a perfected glider shape, they turned their attention to how to create a propulsion system that would create the thrust needed to fly.
Wright Brothers - 1903
The first manned flight was on ________, the passengers were Jean- Francois Pilatre de Rozier and Francois Laurent.
November 21, 1783
The ____ lifted from level ground to the north of
Big Kill Devil Hill, North Carolina, at 10:35 a.m., on December 17, 1903.
Flyer
The first heavier-than-air flight traveled one hundred twenty feet in twelve seconds. The _____ brothers took turns flying that day with the fourth and last flight covering 850 feet in 59 seconds. But
the Flyer was unstable and very hard to control.
Wright Brothers
Over 50 years he made improvements to the gliders. He changed the shape of the wings so that the air would flow over the wings correctly. He designed a tail for the gliders to help with the stability. He tried a biplane design to add strength to the glider. He also recognized that there would be a need for power if the flight was to be in the air for a long time.
Sir George Cayley - 1792
The early engine that they designed generated almost 12 horsepower. That’s the same power as two hand-propelled lawn mower engines!
Wright Brothers
After more than 2500 flights, he was killed when he lost control because of a sudden strong wind and crashed into the ground.
Otto Lilienthal -1881-1896
were very deliberate in their quest for flight.
Wright Brothers - 1903
Categories of Airplane:
- Normal - max of +3.8Gs and -1.52Gs
- Utility - max of +4.4Gs and -1.75Gs
-Acrobatic - max of 6Gs and -3Gs
Fuselage Construction
Truss type
- Heavy
- Very Sturdy
(Longerons, Struts, Bulkhead, Stringers)
Types of Airplane (It is the maker or manufacturer and the model of
the airplane):
Cessna 152
Boeing 787
Airbus A350
is the central body of an airplane and is designed to accommodate the crew, passengers, and cargo.
Fuselage
Monocoque Parts and classifications
- Light
- Not Very Durable
Stressed skin, Formers, Bulkhead
Semi Monocoque parts:
Stringers, Bulkhead, Skin, Formers
Wing support:
-Cantilever wing
-Semi Cantilever
Are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that support the airplane in flight.
Wings
- Lighter than Truss
Type
Semi-Monocoque
Wing Location:
-Low wing
-Mid Wing
-High Wing
