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AP Human Geography > AMSCO Unit 3 Vocab > Flashcards

AMSCO Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

all of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects

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2
Q

Cultural Traits

A

Elements of culture that are visible of invisible

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3
Q

Cultural Complex

A

a series of interrelated cultural traits

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4
Q

Diffuse

A

the spread of something

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5
Q

Taboos

A

Behaviors that are heavily discouraged by a culture

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6
Q

Traditional Culture

A

a term used to encompass all cultural traits
Ex. social norms

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7
Q

Folk Culture

A

The beliefs and practices of small, homogenous groups of people, often living in rural areas that are relatively isolated and slow to change
Ex. Amish

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8
Q

Indigenous Culture

A

When members of an ethnic group reside in their ancestral lands and typically posses unique cultural traits, such as speaking their own exclusive language

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9
Q

Globalization

A

the increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s. The process of intensified interactions among peoples, governments, and companies of different countries around the globe has had profound impacts on culture

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10
Q

Popular Culture

A

When cultural traits - such as clothing, music, movies, and types of business - spread quickly over a large area and ar adopted by various groups

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11
Q

Global Culture

A

Cultural traits that are adopted worldwide

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12
Q

Artifacts

A

tangible items
Ex. food, art, clothing, music, sports

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13
Q

Material cultures

A

composed of artifacts which consists of tangible things, or those that can be experience by the senses

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14
Q

Mentifacts

A

intangible concepts
Ex. beliefs, values, practices

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15
Q

Nonmaterial Culture

A

composed of mentifacts which consist of intangible concepts, or those not having physical presence

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16
Q

Sociofacts

A

which are ways people organize their society and relate to one another
Ex. family structure

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17
Q

Placelessness

A

not feeling emotion ties to a location

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18
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

the visible reflection of a culture - or built environment

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19
Q

Built Environment

A

physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape
Ex. roads, signs, fences

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20
Q

Traditional Architecture

A

reflects local cultures’ history, beliefs, values, and communities adaptation to the environment, and typically utilizes locally available materials

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21
Q

Postmondern Architecture

A

develop after the 1960s. It is a movement away from boxy, mostly concrete or brick structures toward high-rise structures made for large amounts of steel and glass siding

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22
Q

Contemporary Architecture

A

This style uses multiple advances to create buildings that rotates, curve, and stretch the limits of size and height

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23
Q

Ethnic enclaves

A

clusters of people of the same culture-that are often surrounded by people of the dominant culture in the region

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24
Q

Cultural Regions

A

are usually determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity. Unless regions are defined by physical features

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25
Cultural Realms
That includes several cultural regions
26
Sacred Places
Places with natural features that have religious significance
27
Diaspora
when one group of people is dispersed to various locations
28
Charter Group
the first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space
29
Sequent Occupancy
Ethnic groups move in and out of neighborhoods and create new cultural imprints on the landscape
30
Neolocalism
the process of re-embracing the uniqueness of authenticity of a place
31
Cultural Patterns
consists of related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar behaviors across a space
32
Culture Hearth
where religion or ethnicity began
33
Ethnicity
membership in a groups of people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experience
34
Nationality
based on people's connections to a particular country
35
Centripetal Forces
are those that unify a group of people or a region
36
Centrifugal Forces
are those that divide a group of people or a region
37
Blue Laws
laws that restrict certain activities, such as the sale of alcohol, on Sunday
38
Fundamentalism
an attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith
39
Theocracies
countries whose governments are run by religious leader through the use of religion laws
40
Ethnocentric
they believe their own cultural group is move important and superior to other cultures
41
Cultural Relativism
which is the concept that a person's or group's beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of other groups's cultures
42
Cultural Appropriation
the action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture
43
Relocation Diffusion
the spread of cultures and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their traits with them
44
Expansion Diffusion
the spread of cultural traits outward through exchange of without migration
45
Contagious Diffusion
occur when a cultural trait spread continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people Ex. Blues music
46
Hierarchical Diffusion
the spread of culture outward from the most interconnected plates or from centers of wealth and influence Ex. music, fashion, trends
47
Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
When a trait diffusions from a group of lower status to a group of higher statues Ex. Tattoos
48
Stimulus Diffusion
when an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but adopting groups modification or effects on trait Ex. McDonalds in India don't serve beef
49
Imperialism
a broader concept that includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or a group of people by direct conquest, economic control or cultural dominance
50
Colonialism
a particular type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on land of another country
51
Native Speakers
those who use the language used by birth
52
Lingua Franca
a common language used by people who do not share the same native language
53
Slang
word used informally by a segment of the population
54
Pidgin Language
the simplified mixture of two languages
55
Creole Language
When two groups create a new combined language
56
Animism
the belief that non-living objects, such as rivers or mountains possess spirits
57
Social Constructs
are ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social group and are not created by nature
58
Time-space convergence
the greater interconnection between places that results from improvements in transportation
59
Cultural Convergence
cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs
60
Cultural Divergence
the idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes
61
Linguists
scientists who study languages
62
Isoglosses
The boundaries between variations in pronunciations or worse usage
63
Dialects
variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling
64
Adages
sayings that attempt to express a truth about life
65
Toponyms
names of places
66
Official Language
one designated by law to be the language of government
67
Homogeneous
made up of largely of ethnically similar people
68
Adherents
or believers in their faith
69
Ethnic Religion
belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers Ex. Hinduism and Judiasm
70
Universal Religions
a religion that actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnicity, language, social status, or nationality Ex. Buddhism, Christianity, Islam
71
Polytheistic
believing in many gods
72
Monotheistic
believing in one god
73
Caste System
a rigid social structure in levels
74
Gurdwara
Sikh's place of worship
75
Pilgrimage
a religious journey to a scared place of his or her religions
76
Acculturation
an ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture
77
Assimilation
when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguish from receiving group
78
Syncretism
the fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait
79
Multiculturalism
the coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study
80
Glocalization
a form of syncretism that involves the creation of products or services for the global market by adapting them to local culture
81
Nativism
anti-immigrant ideals

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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