AMSCO Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
Culture
all of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects
Cultural Traits
Elements of culture that are visible of invisible
Cultural Complex
a series of interrelated cultural traits
Diffuse
the spread of something
Taboos
Behaviors that are heavily discouraged by a culture
Traditional Culture
a term used to encompass all cultural traits
Ex. social norms
Folk Culture
The beliefs and practices of small, homogenous groups of people, often living in rural areas that are relatively isolated and slow to change
Ex. Amish
Indigenous Culture
When members of an ethnic group reside in their ancestral lands and typically posses unique cultural traits, such as speaking their own exclusive language
Globalization
the increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s. The process of intensified interactions among peoples, governments, and companies of different countries around the globe has had profound impacts on culture
Popular Culture
When cultural traits - such as clothing, music, movies, and types of business - spread quickly over a large area and ar adopted by various groups
Global Culture
Cultural traits that are adopted worldwide
Artifacts
tangible items
Ex. food, art, clothing, music, sports
Material cultures
composed of artifacts which consists of tangible things, or those that can be experience by the senses
Mentifacts
intangible concepts
Ex. beliefs, values, practices
Nonmaterial Culture
composed of mentifacts which consist of intangible concepts, or those not having physical presence
Sociofacts
which are ways people organize their society and relate to one another
Ex. family structure
Placelessness
not feeling emotion ties to a location
Cultural Landscape
the visible reflection of a culture - or built environment
Built Environment
physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape
Ex. roads, signs, fences
Traditional Architecture
reflects local cultures’ history, beliefs, values, and communities adaptation to the environment, and typically utilizes locally available materials
Postmondern Architecture
develop after the 1960s. It is a movement away from boxy, mostly concrete or brick structures toward high-rise structures made for large amounts of steel and glass siding
Contemporary Architecture
This style uses multiple advances to create buildings that rotates, curve, and stretch the limits of size and height
Ethnic enclaves
clusters of people of the same culture-that are often surrounded by people of the dominant culture in the region
Cultural Regions
are usually determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity. Unless regions are defined by physical features
Cultural Realms
That includes several cultural regions
Sacred Places
Places with natural features that have religious significance
Diaspora
when one group of people is dispersed to various locations
Charter Group
the first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space
Sequent Occupancy
Ethnic groups move in and out of neighborhoods and create new cultural imprints on the landscape
Neolocalism
the process of re-embracing the uniqueness of authenticity of a place
Cultural Patterns
consists of related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar behaviors across a space
Culture Hearth
where religion or ethnicity began
Ethnicity
membership in a groups of people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experience
Nationality
based on people’s connections to a particular country
Centripetal Forces
are those that unify a group of people or a region
Centrifugal Forces
are those that divide a group of people or a region
Blue Laws
laws that restrict certain activities, such as the sale of alcohol, on Sunday
Fundamentalism
an attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith
Theocracies
countries whose governments are run by religious leader through the use of religion laws
Ethnocentric
they believe their own cultural group is move important and superior to other cultures
Cultural Relativism
which is the concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of other groups’s cultures
Cultural Appropriation
the action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture
Relocation Diffusion
the spread of cultures and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their traits with them
Expansion Diffusion
the spread of cultural traits outward through exchange of without migration
Contagious Diffusion
occur when a cultural trait spread continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people
Ex. Blues music
Hierarchical Diffusion
the spread of culture outward from the most interconnected plates or from centers of wealth and influence
Ex. music, fashion, trends
Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
When a trait diffusions from a group of lower status to a group of higher statues
Ex. Tattoos
Stimulus Diffusion
when an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but adopting groups modification or effects on trait
Ex. McDonalds in India don’t serve beef
Imperialism
a broader concept that includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or a group of people by direct conquest, economic control or cultural dominance
Colonialism
a particular type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on land of another country
Native Speakers
those who use the language used by birth
Lingua Franca
a common language used by people who do not share the same native language
Slang
word used informally by a segment of the population
Pidgin Language
the simplified mixture of two languages
Creole Language
When two groups create a new combined language
Animism
the belief that non-living objects, such as rivers or mountains possess spirits
Social Constructs
are ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social group and are not created by nature
Time-space convergence
the greater interconnection between places that results from improvements in transportation
Cultural Convergence
cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs
Cultural Divergence
the idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes
Linguists
scientists who study languages
Isoglosses
The boundaries between variations in pronunciations or worse usage
Dialects
variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling
Adages
sayings that attempt to express a truth about life
Toponyms
names of places
Official Language
one designated by law to be the language of government
Homogeneous
made up of largely of ethnically similar people
Adherents
or believers in their faith
Ethnic Religion
belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers
Ex. Hinduism and Judiasm
Universal Religions
a religion that actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnicity, language, social status, or nationality
Ex. Buddhism, Christianity, Islam
Polytheistic
believing in many gods
Monotheistic
believing in one god
Caste System
a rigid social structure in levels
Gurdwara
Sikh’s place of worship
Pilgrimage
a religious journey to a scared place of his or her religions
Acculturation
an ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture
Assimilation
when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguish from receiving group
Syncretism
the fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait
Multiculturalism
the coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study
Glocalization
a form of syncretism that involves the creation of products or services for the global market by adapting them to local culture
Nativism
anti-immigrant ideals
