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(I) The First World War and its Impact on British India (1914-20) > Amritsar Massacre Causes > Flashcards

Amritsar Massacre Causes Flashcards

1
Q

Where did opposition towards the Rowlatt Act flare up?

A

Punjab, Amritsar

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2
Q

When was the Amritsar Massacre?

A

13th April 1919

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3
Q

Trigger

A

Defence of India Act, Rowlatt Act
Arrest of Dr Kitchlew & Satyapal

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4
Q

How many people gathered in the hartals?

A

20,000

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5
Q

When were the hartals?

A

Through 30th March to 6th April

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6
Q

What did the Hartals display?

A

Hindu-Muslim solidarity and no serious unrest

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7
Q

What did the arrest of Dr Kitchlew & Satyapal trigger?

A

Rioting in their support, then backfired into an Anti-Raj protest

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8
Q

What happened during Riots?

A

Banks were stormed, buildings fired at, 3 Europeans killed

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9
Q

Who was the crawling woman?

A

Marcia Sherwood, a mission Doctor

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10
Q

What happened by 11 April?

A

100+ terrified + exhausted European women saw refuge in the Gobindgarh Fort for safety

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11
Q

What did Michael O’Dwyer believe?

A

The rioting in Amritsar was a carefully planned uprising to lure Indian soldiers into a mutiny

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12
Q

What exasperated O’Dwyers belief about the rioting?

A

There was similar rioting in Lahore and Kasur, convincing Dyer that a co-ordinated uprising was fueling

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13
Q

Where was the Massacre set?

A

JallianWala Bagh

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14
Q

What religious festival was on the 13th April?

A

Baisakhi Day, Sikhism

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15
Q

What did Dyer order?

A

Proclamations to be read at various points in the city

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16
Q

What were in these proclamations?

A

Warnings against meetings + assemblies, and establishing a curfew

17
Q

How many Punjabis ignored the curfew?

A

10,000 - 20,000

18
Q

What did the Punjabis discuss?

A

The calling for the repeal of the Rowlatt Act
Expressing sympathy for the dead in the previous riots

19
Q

How many minutes did the firing last?

A

10 to 15 minutes.

20
Q

What did Dyer call the martial punishment?

A

“Fancy Punishments”

21
Q

What was the official death rate?

A

379 killed, 1.5K wounded

22
Q

How many were estimated to be killed?

A

10,000 to 15,000

23
Q

How many troops were there?

A

1000
1/3 British, 2/3 Ghurkas and Sikhs

24
Q

How many rounds did Dyer’s troops fire?

A

1650

25
Q

How was Dyer brutal?

A

Aimed at chests and hearts, killed those on wall, cornered them.

26
Q

Who approved of Dyers actions?

A

General William Beynon

27
Q

What was the purpose of Martial Law?

A

To humiliate the Indians living there

28
Q

What consisted of the Martial Law?

A

Had to salaam to any European
Public floggings
Crawling order

29
Q

What was the Crawling Order?

A

Crawl on all fours along the Kucha Tawarian

30
Q

Why was the martial law offensive to Hindus?

A

The caste system was based on purity and pollution

(I) The First World War and its Impact on British India (1914-20) (21 decks)

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