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AUBF 2 > AMNIOTIC FLUID > Flashcards

AMNIOTIC FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

Amniotic fluid is found

A

AMNION

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2
Q

Ultimate source of AF water and solutes

A

Placenta

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3
Q

During 1ST TRIMESTER AMNIOTIC FLUID IS DERIVED FROM

A

MOTHER (35 mL

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4
Q

DURING 2ND TRIMESTER AMNIOTIC FLUID IS DERIVED FROM

A

FETAL URINE

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5
Q

DURING 3RD TRIMESTER THE AMNIOTIC FLUID IS DERIVED FROM

A

Fetus releasess lung fluid

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6
Q

Amniotic fluid is regulated through

A

FETAL SWALLOWING
INTRAMEMBRANOUS FLOW

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7
Q

Function of Amniotic fluid

A
  • cushion for fetus
  • development
  • movement
  • stabilizes temperature
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8
Q

NORMAL VALUE

A

800-1200 mL
- INCREASES throughout pregnancy
- DECREASES before delivery

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9
Q

Increased AF
>1200 mL

A

POLYHYDRAMNIOS

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10
Q

Increased AF is due to

A
  • Decrease fetal swallowing
  • neural tube defect
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11
Q

Decreased AF
>800mL

A

OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

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12
Q

Oligohydramnios is due to

A
  • Increased fetal swallowing
  • Membrane leakage
  • Urinary tract deformities of fetus
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13
Q

METHOD OF COLLECTION OF AF

A

AMNIOCENTESIS

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14
Q

Maximum volume collected

A

30 mL

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15
Q

Volume discarded to avoid maternal blood, tissue fluid, cell contamination

A

2-3 mL

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16
Q

Amniocentesis is safe to perform around

A

14th WEEK OF GESTATION (early 2nd trimester)

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17
Q

2nd Trimester Amniocentesis is subjected to

A

CHROMOSOMAL STUDIES
(Genetic anomalies, Trisomy 21/Down syndrome)

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18
Q

Used for assessment of FETAL LUNG MATURITY and HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF A NEWBORN

A

3RD TRIMESTER

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19
Q

Amniotic fluid subjected to assessment of FETAL LUNG MATURITY IS TRANSFERRED USING

A

ICE
TEST CANNOT BE DONE ASAP THEN REFRIFERATE

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20
Q

TEST FOR CYTOGENETICS/MICROBIOLOGY

A

Kept at ROOM TEMPERATURE OR BODY TEMPERATURE

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21
Q

TEST FOR HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN

A
  • detects BILIRUBIN
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22
Q

Materials use to protect Bilirubin

A
  • Amber-colored bottle
  • Foil-wrapped bottle
  • Black plastic cover
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23
Q

FERN TEST DETECTS

A

Ruptured Amniotic Membrane (RAM)

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24
Q

FERN-LIKE CRYSTALS ARE COMPOSED OF

A

PROTEIN AND NACI

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25
Q

Other term for HDN

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

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26
Q

Destruction of RBC releases RBC degradation product such as

A

BILIRUBIN

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27
Q

Test used for HDN

A

OD 450

28
Q

Normal absorbance of AF

A

Increased @365 nm
Decreased @550 nm

29
Q

HDN absorbance

A

Increased @ 450nm

30
Q

Maximum bilirubin absorbance

A

450 nm

31
Q

Absorbance result are plotted using

A

LILEY GRAPH

32
Q

Reporting of Liley Graph

A

Zone I - non affected/mildly affected
Zone II - Moderately affected fetus (monitoring)
Zone III - Severely affected (intervention)

33
Q

Interferences in OD 450

A

CHOCOLATE MADE HEAVENLY DENSER
Cells
Meconium
Hemoglobin (peak absorbance @450)
Debris

34
Q

PATHOGENICITY RELATED TO NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

A
  • SPINA BIFIDA (incomplete closing of backbone)
  • ANENCEPHALY (absence of major portion of brain and scalp)
35
Q

MAJOR PROTEIN PRODUCED BY FETAL LIVER

A

ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP)

36
Q

Production of AFP starts

A

EARLY 18TH WEEK GESTATION

37
Q

AFP is increased or decreased in both AF AND MATERNAL SERUM

A

INCREASED

38
Q

If the skin fails to close neural tissues, there will be a continuous production of AFP

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

39
Q

SCREENING TEST RESULT FOR NEURAL TUBE DEFECT

A

Increased AFP: Spina Bifida, Anencephaly
Decreased AFP: Down syndrome

40
Q

CONFIRMATORY TEST USES

A

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (AChe)

41
Q

Acetylcholinesterase should not be performed when

A

THERE IS A BLOODY SPECIMEN
- may cause false elevation

42
Q

TEST FOR FETAL LUNG MATURITY
Reference Method

A

L/S RATIO
Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio

43
Q

Characteristics of Lecithin

A
  • Primary component of lung surfactant
  • Before and During 35th WEEK: LOW PROD
  • After 35th WEEK: HIGH PROD
44
Q

SPHINGOMYELIN CHARACTERISTICS

A
  • Produced at a constant rate
    <35 weeks: Decreased L - Increased S
    >35 weeks: Increased L - Decreased S
45
Q

REPORTING OF RESULTS (L/S RATIO)

A

<1.6 L/S = <35 weeks (immature)
>2.0 L/S = MATURE (preterm delivery is safe)

46
Q

IMMUNOLOGIC TEST FOR PHOSPHATIDYL GLYCEROL

A

AMNIOSTAT-FLM

47
Q

Production of PHOSPHATIDYL GLYCEROL IS PARALLEL TO THE PRODUCTION OF ___

A

LECITHIN

48
Q

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTE OF PHOSPHATIDYL GLYCEROL

A

ADVANTAGE: not affected by blood and meconium

DISADVANTAGE: Phosphatidyl glycerol is DECREASED AMONG DIABETIC MOTHER

49
Q

FOAM TEST / SHAKE TEST (MECHANICAL) PROCEDURE

A

Amniotic Fluid + 95% ethanol
Shake for 15 secs
Stand for 15 minutes

MATURE LUNG = (+) FOAM/BUBBLES

50
Q

FOAM STABILITY INDEX PROCEDURE

A
  • 0.5 mL AF + Inc. amt 95% Ethanol (0.42-0.55)
  • Shake 15 secs
  • stand for 15 minutes
51
Q

POSITIVE RESULT FOR FOAM STABILITY INDEX

A

MATURE LUNG = FOAM FORMATION @>0.47 tUBE

52
Q

Test that measures friction when particle is diffused

A

MICROVISCOSITY

53
Q

Microviscosity is measured through

A

Fluorescence Polarization

54
Q

What is being measured in Micro viscosity test

A

Surfactant/Albumin ratio

55
Q

Increased surfactant has INCREASED OR DECREASED FRICTION

A

DECREASED
(Surfact is inversely proportional to friction)

56
Q

PRODUCES LUNG SURFACTANT STORED IN THE FORM OF LAMELLAR BODIES

A

TYPE II PNEUMOCYTES

57
Q

LAMELLAR BODY COUNT METHOD

A

Impedance and Optical scatter

58
Q

Has same diameter to platelets

A

LAMELLAR BODIES

59
Q

ADEQUATE FETAL LUNG MATURITY IN LAMELLAR BODY COUNT

A

> 32,000/uL Lamellar body

60
Q

OD 650 nm

A

Increased Lamellar = Increased OD

61
Q

(> 0.150) in OD 650 nm is equivalent to

A

L/S Ratio of >2.0
Presence of Phosphatidyl glycerol

62
Q

Most FREQUENT COMPLICATION OF EARLY DELIVERY

A

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

63
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by

A

INSUFFICIENT LUNG SURFACTANT

64
Q

Function of lung surfactant

A

Allow alveoli to open and close in respiration

65
Q

TEST FOR FETAL AGE DETECTS

A

AF CREATININE

66
Q

REFERENCE FOR FETAL AGE (CREATININE)

A

<36 WEEKS = 1.5-2.0 mg/dL
36 WEEKS = >2.0 mg/dL

AUBF 2 (8 decks)

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