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Term 2: Ammonia > Ammonia Systems Powerpoint > Flashcards

Ammonia Systems Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of applications is Ammonia used in?

A

Large commercial and industrial

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2
Q

Ammonias Nre’s are in the range of ____btu/lb (latent heat)

A

565

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3
Q

The pure anhydrous ammonia used as a refrigerant is referred to as R-___

A

R-717

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4
Q

Properties of Anhydrous Ammonia:

  1. Boiling point: ___
  2. Specific gravity (Water = 1) : ____
  3. Vapour density (Atmosphere pressure, Air = 1) : ___
  4. Available latent heat (at 5F) : ____ but/lb
A
  1. -28F (-33C)
  2. 0.618
  3. 0.6
  4. 565 btu/lb
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5
Q

Name 3 health hazards of ammonia based on container label

A
  1. Flammable and explosive under certain conditions
  2. Reacts with common acids, chlorine, and other halogens
  3. Corrosive to metals and bodily tissue
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6
Q

Suppliers of ammonia are required to make available a ______ data sheet (MSDS) on ammonia

A

safety

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7
Q

Ammonias largest health hazard is due to its toxicity. Both liquid and gaseous ammonia combine with ______ to form ______ ammonia, a basic, or caustic alkali, which burns, irritates, and corrodes

A

moisture, aqueous

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8
Q

The effect of aqueous ammonia is most pronounced on moist parts of the body such as

A

eyes, linings of the nose, mouth, and respiratory tract, and sweaty skin.

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9
Q

Concentration of ammonia gas in air is described in

A

parts per million

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10
Q
  1. 5 ppm effect:
  2. 20 ppm effect:
  3. 25ppm effect:
A
  1. some people can detect odour
  2. usual odour threshold
  3. recommended 8 hour exposure level
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11
Q
  1. 35 ppm effect:
  2. 50 ppm effect:
  3. 100 ppm effect:
A
  1. recommended short-term (15 min)
  2. maximum permissible 8 hour
  3. strong smell, irritating to nose
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12
Q
  1. 200 ppm effect:
  2. 400 ppm effect:
  3. 500 ppm effect:
A
  1. eyes start to water after few min
  2. major nose and throat irritation, eyes running heavily
  3. immediately dangerous to life or health (I.D.L.H.)
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13
Q
  1. 1000 ppm effect:
  2. 5000 ppm effect:
  3. 15000 ppm effect:
A
  1. breathing intolerable
  2. respiratory system shut down; fatal quickly
  3. major burns to unprotected skin
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14
Q

Ammonia is not a cumulative poison, and is not generally thought to cause cancer or _____ defects

A

birth

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15
Q

Secondary problems such as eye pain and vision loss and pulmonary restriction may occur ____ or even ____ after initial exposure

A

hours or even days

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16
Q

Liquid ammonia also has a freezing effect on body tissues. It is likely to be cold when it hits, and chill more as it evaporates from skin or eyes causing ___ ___

A

frost bite

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17
Q

Liquid ammonia is not flammable. Ammonia gas, however, in concentrations of __ to __% in air, is flammable

A

16-25%

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18
Q

If ammonia gas has oil droplets suspended in it, the flammability hazard increases considerably, down to as low as _%

A

4%

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19
Q

Explosions are rare, therefore. In fact, the DOT classifies ammonia for transportation purposes as a ___-______ compressed gas

A

non-flammable

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20
Q

Do not cut or weld containers, vessels, or components that may contain ammonia. Make sure they are fully ______ first

A

ventilated

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21
Q

Ammonia fires and explosions can occur. If enough gas leaks out of a vessel or container and enough air leaks in, the right concentration for ________ may occur inside

A

flammability

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22
Q

Ammonia is chemically _____, it will not easily separate into its components, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

A

stable

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23
Q

As a strong base, or caustic alkali like lye, ammonia will burn and eat away many substances, besides _____ _____

A

human tissue

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24
Q

______ and alloys that contain ______ are particularly vulnerable, and are never found in ammonia systems.

A

copper

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25
Q

Leaks are most likely located in the ___ where most of the piping is.

A

MER: Mechanical equipment room

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26
Q

Ammonia emergency equipment should be readily available in the MER, this includes; name 4

A
  1. rubber gloves
  2. a rubber apron
  3. a full-face gas mask with fresh ammonia canisters
  4. self-contained breathing apparatus
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27
Q

Emergency system shut-down instructions should be posted by system controls, usually on the _______

A

compressor

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28
Q

A system ______ should also be posted where it can be consulted quickly

A

schematic

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29
Q

Before entering the MER, the ammonia concentration should be checked with an _______ detector. If the reading is above 100ppm, use at least tight-fitting ____ and a respirator with ____ ammonia cartridges

A

electronic detector, goggles, green

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30
Q

If the reading in a MER is 1000 ppm or more, use at least a full face gas mask with an _____ _____

A

ammonia canister

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31
Q

If the reading in a MER is over 2500 ppm, use at least a gas mask with an industrial sized 2 hour canister, or a type _ air supplied respirator, with full face protection or preferably, full head protection

A

C

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32
Q

If the reading is over _____ or more ppm, self contained breathing apparatus is necessary, with a full suit.

A

10,000

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33
Q

Additional emergency equipment that should be available outside the MER; name 3

A
  1. a full rubber or plastic suit with boots and gauntlet-type gloves
  2. a shower or drum of at least 50 gallons of water
  3. plans and schematics
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34
Q

No one should enter a contaminated MER ____

A

alone

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35
Q

When you are working on an ammonia system keep in mind that what you are about to do may cause a sudden leak. Carry an escape ______

A

respirator

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36
Q

Before commencing any work, always plan your

A

escape route

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37
Q

What is the first step when ammonia burns or irritates eyes or-skin?

A

flush the affected area with lots of clean, cool, water as quickly as possible and for at least 15 min

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38
Q

What is the point of using water on an ammonia burn?

A

to absorb and dilute the ammonia concentration

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39
Q

Should you remove clothing while flushing ammonia burns

A

No, do it immediately

40
Q

DO not wear _____ _____ when working with ammonia

A

contact lenses

41
Q

Do not apply any kind of ____ or ointment to burns

A

oil

42
Q

The first treatment when you have breathed ammonia is to

A

get to clean air as soon as possible

43
Q

Liquid ammonia ______ as its temperature rises

A

expands

44
Q

Standards require that any pipe or vessel which could be valved off full of liquid ammonia must have _____ valves to ____ excessive pressure

A

relief, vent

45
Q

There must be enough room inside an ammonia tank so that the liquid can ______

A

expand

46
Q

T or F

It is crucial an ammonia tank is not overfilled especially when transferring liquid ammonia from a full container to an empty unpressurized one

A

True

47
Q

Never fill ammonia containers more than __%

A

80%

48
Q

Compared to common halocarbon refrigerants, ammonia is _____ in both liquid and gaseous form

A

light

49
Q

Liquid ammonia is _____ than water

A

lighter

50
Q

Gaseous ammonia, under atmospheric pressure, is _______ than air

A

lighter

51
Q

Ammonia has a very high _____ heat and ______ heat making it a great refrigerant

A

sensible, latent

52
Q

Ammonia systems and storage tanks should be evacuated before charging to remove ______

A

moisture

53
Q

______ is difficult to remove from ammonia

A

moisture

54
Q

The approved way to discharge ammonia from a system is to vent it as a ___ into a drum of water. Have at least a _____ of water per pound of ammonia

A

gas, gallon

55
Q

NEVER dispose of any ammonia or contaminated water to flow into any surface _____ bodies

A

water

56
Q

Surface water bodies include;

A

drainage ditches, storm water and sanitary sewers, wetlands, ponds, lakes, and streams

57
Q

Common oils, and ammonia liquid or gas are mutually _____

A

insoluble

58
Q

Traps for draining oil are typically provided at recirculation tanks and sometimes at _____

A

chillers

59
Q

There must be __ stop valves on every component in an ammonia system

A

2

60
Q

Multiple valves are useful when system requires service because it allows you to ______ components and keep system running

A

bypass

61
Q

Locate stop valves in _____ and _____ lines to all components such as condensers, evaporators, receivers, and accumulators

A

inlet and outlet

62
Q

Make sure globe valve stems are mounted ______ with respect to a horizontal pipe run.

A

vertical

63
Q

Why are valve stems mounted vertically?

A

reduce chance for dirt or scale to lodge in valve seat and reduce chance for liquid refrigerant or oil to pocket in the area below the seat

64
Q

pressure regulators, solenoid valves, thermal expansion valves, should be _____ for easy removal or welded

A

flanged

65
Q

The use of a strainer should be used whenever possible to protect system components from pipe _______ material

A

construction

66
Q

Solenoid valves should be located in the ______ position and protected from ______

A

upright, moisture

67
Q

Purpose of water jackets on ammonia compressors?

A

to prevent carbon build-up on heads of compressors

68
Q

Two types of water cooling or liquid ammonia expansion in heads controlled to a temp above __F by a back pressure ______

A

32F, regulator

69
Q

First stage compression such as rotary are normally cooled by ____ circulated through heads for cooling

A

oil

70
Q

Which agent for cooling compressor heads is the best and why?

A

Glycol because it does not boil or freeze

71
Q

Any ammonia vessel that can be valved off must be provided with an automatic _____ valve

A

relief

72
Q

___ relief valves are normally used

A

dual

73
Q

dual relief valves on ammonia systems are ____-way stop

A

three

74
Q

Dual relief valves are constructed so that it is always open to one or the other relief valve if the other must be removed for ______

A

servicing

75
Q

What makes ammonia a great refrigerant?

A
  1. it is cheap to use
  2. occurs naturally
  3. has an ozone depletion of zero
76
Q

Oil stills are normally connected to the bottom of ammonia flooded ______ to remove excess oil trapped in the chiller

A

chillers

77
Q

Suction Traps or (Suction Traps with Pump)

  1. Every system should have an adequately designed _______ trap
  2. Suction traps protect the compressor against ____ _______ during operation
  3. Systems with pumps, operate by returning liquid in the trap to the high pressure ______
A
  1. suction
  2. liquid floodback
  3. receiver
78
Q

Liquid Recirculation Systems:

In liquid recirculation systems, A pump or pumps, circulates the ammonia from the low pressure receiver to the _______

A

evaporator

79
Q

Liquid Recirculation Systems:

  1. Relief valves on low pressure receivers are normally set at ___psig
  2. Liquid levels in low pressure receivers are normally controlled by ______ _____ ______
A
  1. 40psig

2. electric float switches

80
Q

How often should an ammonia plant inspection be conducted?

A

minimum two per day

81
Q

Ammonia Plant Maintenance Procedures; name a few

A
  1. drain oil from chiller tank as required
  2. change oil filters
  3. check belt tensions
  4. check drive couplers
  5. check brine pump operation
82
Q

Drainage of Oil from Chiller or Still:

  1. If possible oil should be drained when there are no….?
  2. Prior to draining oil the worker shall inform his _____ of his intent
A
  1. members of the public in the facility

2. co worker

83
Q

Drainage of Oil from Chiller or Still:

  1. Prior to entering the class T mechanical room ensure all __________ systems are functioning, and it is safe to enter
  2. Workers should wear a full face mask respirator and _____
  3. Open ______ in a manner which allow only the slow release of oil and oil foam from the chiller
A
  1. ventilation
  2. gloves
  3. valves
84
Q

Drainage of Oil from Chiller or Still:

  1. Drain into a container of water through a transparent ____ immersed in to water
  2. Stop flow when ______ gas/liquid appears
  3. At no time should the spring return valve (_______ valve) be wired open or left unattended
A
  1. hose
  2. ammonia
  3. dead man valve
85
Q

Relief Valves and Safety Controls

  1. Each relief valve and safety control should be tested each year in accordance with the ___ boilers and pressure vessels act
A

B51

86
Q

Vessels and Piping:

  1. All vessels and piping should be clean and _______
  2. Do not paint valves or controls as they may become _____ and inoperative
  3. All piping should be colour coded as per ___ mechanical code
A
  1. painted
  2. sealed
  3. B52
87
Q

Condensers: Evaporative

  1. Maintain proper _____ treatment
  2. De-scale as required
  3. Ensure clear operation of sprays ______
  4. Maintain belts and pulleys and ensure _____ are in place
  5. Check water make up and _____ assembly
A
  1. water
  2. yes
  3. monthly
  4. guards
  5. float
88
Q

Condensers: Air Cooled

  1. Check heat exchanger surfaces and ___
  2. _____ are in place
A
  1. fan

2. guards

89
Q

Ammonia pipe markers should have four sections plus directional arrows: name them;

  1. _____ body
  2. _______ state
  3. ______ level
  4. _______ identification
  5. ______ to indicate ____ _________
A
  1. marker body
  2. physical state
  3. pressure level
  4. piping identification
  5. arrows to indicate flow direction
90
Q

Piping identification:

Marker body shall have the word “AMMONIA” in black letters on a ______ background

A

yellow

91
Q

Piping Identification

The physical state of refrigerant is located to the left of the marker body and the word “AMMONIA”. This is indicated as follows;

a) If liquid - “LIQ” in black or white on an _____ background
b) If vapour - “VAP”in black or white on a ____ background
c) If both “LIQ” “VAP” both printed on _____ above

A

a) orange
b) sky blue
c) colours above

92
Q

Piping identification:
The pressure level of the refrigerant is located to the right of the word “AMMONIA”

a) If high pressure - more than ___psig “HIGH” in black or white on ___ background
b) if low pressure - ___psig or less “LOW” in black or white on ____ background

A

a) 70psig, red

b) 70psig, green

93
Q

Piping identification: directional arrows;

These arrows are located at the ____ of the marker body, physical state, pressure level, and piping abbreviation labels. These arrows could be at one or both ends

A

ends

94
Q

Where do you find ammonia equipment room requirements?

A

B52 code book

95
Q

Class T Machinery Room:

  1. No ____ producing device
  2. ____ door requirement
  3. Vestibule requirement
  4. Tight construction
  5. Openings sealed
  6. Ventilation requirement
  7. Switch location
  8. Alarms and _______
A
  1. flame
  2. exit
  3. detectors

Term 2: Ammonia (21 decks)

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