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Q2 Pharm ABX, Vomit > Aminoglycosides/Broad Spectrum Abx (Lec 15) > Flashcards

Aminoglycosides/Broad Spectrum Abx (Lec 15) Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycoside Abx structure?

A

Have amino surgar in glycosidic link

Polar (polycations)

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2
Q

Aminoglycoside polarity responsible for what?

A

pharmacokinetic properties

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3
Q

Aminoglycoside mechanism of action?

A

irreversibly inhibit protein synth:
block initiation of mRNA translation,
bactericidal

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4
Q

Aminoglycosides req what for activation?

A

aerobic conditions,

O2 req for abx transport to 30S subunit

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5
Q

Aminoglycoside active against?

A

aerobic G- enteric rods

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides are drug class of choice for what conditions?

A

sepsis

endocarditis

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7
Q

Streptomycin (aminoglycoside) used to treat?

A

b. plague
TB
endocarditis (in combo therapy)

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8
Q

Aminoglycosides + antipseud PCN used to treat what?

A

p. aeruginosa

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9
Q

Neomycin (aminoglycoside) used to treat?

A

G- skin infections

topical application

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10
Q

Gentamicin (aminoglycoside) used to treat what?

A

tularemia

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11
Q

DOC for Enterococci (G+ cocci)?

A

aminoglycoside + PCN

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides are what-dependent killers?

A

Concentration-dependent:

↑ concentration of drug kills more bacteria at more rapid rate

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13
Q

Aminoglycoside post-abx effect?

A

stays active beyond measurable [ ]

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14
Q

Aminoglycoside toxicity?

A

ototoxic
nephrotoxic

large dose less toxic than multiple small doses

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15
Q

Aminoglycoside administration?

A

IM
IV
topical

NOT oral - GI can’t absorb

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16
Q

Aminoglycosides are used primarily how?

A

in combo w/ other abx

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17
Q

3 types of Broad Spectrum Abx (BSA)?

A

1) chloramphenicol
2) tetracyclines
3) glycylcyclines

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18
Q

Chloramphenicol (BSA) mechanism of action?

A

reversibly binds 50S, preventing peptide bonds ->
inhibits protein synth

*also inhibits mitochondrial protein synth

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19
Q

Chloramphenicol is -static or -cidal?

A

bacteriostatic

can be -cidal to mengeal pathogens

20
Q

Chloramphenicol spectrum?

A

G-, G+, aerobic, anaerobic, atypical

21
Q

Chloramphenicol used only in what cases?

A

Life threatening infections

NEVER DOC

22
Q

Chloramphenicol would be used to treat what life threatening infections?

A

typhoid fever

meningitis

23
Q

Chloramphenicol administered how?

A

parenteral

24
Q

What is Chloramphenicol not administered orally?

A

causes aplastic anemia

25
Q

Chloramphenicol distribution?

A

ALL tissues

CNS penetration

26
Q

Chloramphenicol metabolized how?

A

Conjugated w/ glucuronic acid in liver

27
Q

Chloramphenicol toxicity (dose-dependent)?

A

bone marrow suppression

can be reversed by stopping med

28
Q

Chloramphenicol toxicity (dose-independent)?

A

fatal aplastic anemia

29
Q

Chloramphenicol toxicity to newborns?

A

Gray Baby Synd:

inadequate glucuronyl transferase activity in liver

30
Q

What enzyme causes Chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria?

A

acetyl transferase

31
Q

Tetracyclines (BSA) mechanism of action?

A

reversibly binds 30S ribosome, blocking tRNA attachment->

inhibits proetin synth

32
Q

Tetracyclines are -static or -cidal?

A

bacterostatic

33
Q

Tetracyclines spectrum?

A

G-, G+, aerobic, anaerobic, atypical

34
Q

3 organisms resistant to Tetracyclines?

A

1) b. fragilis
2) proteus
3) pseudomonas

35
Q

Tetracyclines is DOC for?

A 
cholera
m. pneumonia
chlamydia
b. burgdorferi (Lyme, early)
vibrio
rickettsii (Rocky Mnt Spotted)
36
Q

Tetracycline resistance U from?

A

efflux pumps

37
Q

Tetracyclines administration?

A

oral

chelation

38
Q

Tetracyclines distribution?

A

all tissues except joints and CNS

Deposit in bone and teeth (chelate Ca2+)

39
Q

Doxycycline (TCN family) metabolized?

A

NOT in liver

excreted thru feces

40
Q

Tetracyclines side effects?

A

GI

bone/teeth

41
Q

Glycylcycline (BSA) prototype drug?

A

Tigecycline

42
Q

Tigecycline method of action?

A

binds 30S

bacteriostatic

43
Q

Tigecycline spectrum?

A

same as TCN

AND also active against MRSA, MRSE, PRSP, VRE

44
Q

Tigecycline primarily used to treat what type of infections?

A

complicated skin and skin-structure,

complicated intra-abdominal

45
Q

Tigecycline administration?

46
Q

Tigecycline elimination?

A

2/3 fecal

1/3 renal

47
Q

Tigecycline side effects?

A

similar to TCN

Q2 Pharm ABX, Vomit (13 decks)

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