Aminoglycosides

Question 1

T/F aminoglycosides are more active in alkaline than acid pH

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F aminoglycosides has good activity against anaerobes

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Give the 3 reasons why protein synthesis is inhibited by amino glycosides

Answer 3

1. Interference with initiation complex of peptide formation
2. Misreading of RNA
3. Breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes

Question 4

Peak concentration of aminoglycosides is within how many minutes after IM administration?

Answer 4

30-90 mins

Question 5

Rate of infusion when given in IV

Answer 5

30-60 mins

Question 6

At what level its concentration is predictive of toxicity?

Answer 6

> 2mcg/mL

Question 7

Dose if cc is >60 mL/min

Answer 7

5 mkd OD for gentamicin or tobramycin

15mg/kg for amikacin

Question 8

Dose if cc is <60 mL/min

Answer 8

q8 - 12 hours (TID/BID)

Question 9

Most nephrotoxic drugs

Answer 9

Gentamicin, neomicin, tobramycin

Question 10

Most ototoxic

Answer 10

Neomycin, kanamycin, amikacin

Question 11

Most vestibulotoxic

Answer 11

Gentamicin, streptomycin

Question 12

Crurare-like effect with neuromuscular blockade causes respiratory paralysis is reversed by what drugs?

Answer 12

Calcium gluconate or neostigmine

Question 13

In combination of this drug achieve bactericidal activity in treatment of enterococcal endocarditis

Answer 13

Penicillin

Question 14

A drug that should not be used in combination with other agents to prevent resistance

Answer 14

Streptomycin

Question 15

Streptomycin dosage

Answer 15

0. 5-1g/dose: adults

7. 5-15mkd: children

Question 16

The combination of these drugs is used against agents caused by tularemia, plague and bricelliosis

Answer 16

Streptomycin + tetracycline

Question 17

Most serious adverse effecr of streptomycin

Answer 17

Vertigo and loss of balance

Question 18

Resistance in gentamicin is commonly due to?

Answer 18

Plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside-modyfying enzymes

Question 19

T/F Aminoglycosides should not be used for single-agent therapy of pneumonia because penetration of infected lung tissue is poor and local conditions of low pH and low oxygen tension contribute to poor activity.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Which is more active against S. marcescens? Tobramycin or gentamycin?

Answer 20

Gentamycin

Question 21

Which is more active against P. aeruginosa? Tobramycin or gentamycin?

Answer 21

Tobramycin

Question 22

T/F E. faecalis is both susceptible to tobramycin and gentamicin

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which is resistant against E. Faecium? Tobramycin or gentamicin?

Answer 23

Tobramycin

Question 24

Dosage of amikacin in treating tuberculosis

Answer 24

7.5-15 mg/kg/d, OD or 2-3 times weekly injection