Aminoglycosides

Question 1

Amikacin

Answer 1

bactericidal against predominately gram negative; ineffective against anaerobes; irreversible binding to 30S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis

extreme caution with renal disease, cardiovascular compromise; risk factors for AE are neonatal and geriatric patients, fever, dehydration

AE: nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis), ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade, facial edema, inj site reaction, neuropathy; cats may be more sensitive

sight hounds may require reduced dosages

Question 2

Gentamicin

Answer 2

bactericidal; primarily gram negative aerobes with some staphylococcus effect; irreversibly binds 30S ribosomal unit, inhibiting protein synthesis

extreme caution with renal disease, cardiovascular compromise; risk factors for AE are neonatal and geriatric patients, fever, dehydration;

AE: More nephrotoxic than other aminoglycosides; ototoxicity; vestibular signs; neuromuscular blockade, facial edema, inj site reaction, neuropathy;

Question 3

Tobramycin

Answer 3

bactericidal against predominately gram negative; ineffective against anaerobes; irreversible binding to 30S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis

extreme caution with renal disease, cardiovascular compromise; risk factors for AE are neonatal and geriatric patients, fever, dehydration

AE: nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis), ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade, facial edema, in

Vestibular symptoms more frequent

Question 4

neomycin

Answer 4

bactericidal against predominately gram negative; ineffective against anaerobes; irreversible binding to 30S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis
less effective against klebsiella, e.coli, and pseudomonas

extreme caution with renal disease, cardiovascular compromise; risk factors for AE are neonatal and geriatric patients, fever, dehydration

chronic use may result in superinfections; minimal oral absorption

AE: nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis), ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade, facial edema, in

Question 5

spectinomycin

Answer 5

BACTERIOSTATIC, against predominately gram negative; ineffective against anaerobes; irreversible binding to 30S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis

No effect against pseudomonas
Does not readily cross BBB

extreme caution with renal disease, cardiovascular compromise; risk factors for AE are neonatal and geriatric patients, fever, dehydration

AE: Less side effects than other aminoglycosides; nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis), ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade, facial edema, in