Amino Acids & Protein

Question 1

are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

amino acids have __ a code in your amino group, it also has ___ group

Answer 2

N terminal, carboxyl group

Question 3

differs in every amino acids, determines the chemical behavior of that particular amino acid

Answer 3

side chain

Question 4

10 essential amino acids

Answer 4

arginine
histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
typhthopan
valine

Question 5

amino acids with positively charged side chain

Answer 5

arginine, histidine, lysine

Question 6

amino acids with negatively charged side chain

Answer 6

aspartic acid, glutamic acid

Question 7

amino acids with uncharged side chains

Answer 7

serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine

Question 8

special cases amino acids

Answer 8

cysteine, selenocysteine, glycine, proline

Question 9

amino acid with hydrophobic side chains

Answer 9

alanine
isoleucine
leucine
methionine
phenylalanine
tryptophan
tyrosine
valine

Question 10

protein forming from amino acids starts with

Answer 10

a cell

Question 11

the nucleus contains the ___, it is then split into ___ pairs of chromosome

Answer 11

genome, 23 pairs of

Question 12

each chromosome contains a long strand of __, they are tightly packed around histones

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

within the DNA are sections called ___ they contain instructions for making proteins

Answer 13

genes

Question 14

when the genes are switched on, an enzyme called ____ attaches to the gene

Answer 14

RNA polymerase

Question 15

RNA polymerase attaches to the gene, it moves along the DNA making a strand of RNA out of 3 bases in the nucleus, the code then determines the order in which the bases are added to the mRNA.

Answer 15

transcription

Question 16

before the mRNA can be used as a template for the production of proteins, it needs to be processed. this involves

Answer 16

removing and adding sections of RNA

Question 17

moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm

Answer 17

messenger RNA

Question 18

protein factories in the cytoplasm , binds to the mRNA

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

reads the code in the mRNA to produce a chain made up of amino acids

Answer 19

ribosome

Question 20

there are ___ types of amino acids

Answer 20

20 types of

Question 21

carries the amino acids to the ribosome

Answer 21

tRNA

Question 22

mRNA reads ___ bases at a time

Answer 22

3 bases

Question 23

as each triplets are read ___ delivers the corresponding amino acids, which is added to a growing chain of amino acid

Answer 23

tRNA

Question 24

once the last amino acid has been added, the chain folds into a complex 3D shape to form the?

Answer 24

protein

Question 25

amino acids are linked by a ___ thats why proteins are ____

Answer 25

peptide bond, polypeptide

Question 26

polypeptide will fold based on the confirmation depending on the interaction between the

Answer 26

amino acid side chain

Question 27

macromolecules made up of amino acids

Answer 27

protein

Question 28

most of your proteins are synthesized in the

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

immunoglobulins are synthesized in the

Answer 29

plasma cells

Question 30

only contains amino acids and peptide bonds

Answer 30

simple proteins

Question 31

combination of amino acids plus non protein group

Answer 31

conjugated proteins

Question 32

carry lipid (carriers) considered as conjugated because it has amino acid but also contain a non protein

Answer 32

lipoprotein

Question 33

diff shapes of protein

Answer 33

fibrous, globular, simple globular

Question 34

fibrous proteins

Answer 34

fibrinogen, streponins, collagen

Question 35

globular proteins

Answer 35

hgb, plasma, proteins, enzymes, peptide hormones

Question 36

are compact, meaning they have little or no space for water in that molecule

Answer 36

simple globular proteins

Question 37

tissue nutrition

Answer 37

energy

Question 38

maintenance of water distribution between cells and tissue, interstitial compartments, and the vascular system of the body

Answer 38

osmotic force

Question 39

participation as buffers to maintain pH

Answer 39

acid base balance

Question 40

metabolic substances

Answer 40

transport

Question 41

part of immune defense system

Answer 41

antibodies

Question 42

hormones and receptors

Answer 42

hormones

Question 43

connective tissue

Answer 43

structure

Question 44

catalysts

Answer 44

enzymes

Question 45

participation in coagulation of blood

Answer 45

hemostasis

Question 46

basis of folding will depend on the side chain of the amino acids which is your

Answer 46

R

Question 47

4 structures of protein

Answer 47

primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary structure

Question 48

linear sequence of amino acids, but this structure can already determine the identity of protein, the molecular structure, the binding capacity and recognition ability

Answer 48

primary structure

Question 49

a repeating structure. it involves the winding of your polypeptide chain. it can form sheets which are called **beta pleated sheets** it could also curl which is called an **alpha helix**

Answer 49

secondary structure

Question 50

it can add strength and flexibility to your protein

Answer 50

secondary structure

Question 51

there is a 3D configuration, there is a folding pattern of your protein, this is responsible for the many chemical and physical properties of your protein

Answer 51

tertiary structure

Question 52

functions of protein

Answer 52

energy, osmotic pressure, acid base balance, transport, antibodies, hormones, structure, enzymes, hematosis

Question 53

secondary structure can form sheets which are called

Answer 53

beta pleated sheets

Question 54

secondary structure can also curl which is called an

Answer 54

alpha helix

Question 55

there are associations of 2 or more polypeptide chains. this forms a functional protein molecule

Answer 55

quarternary structure

Question 56

can determine the identity, molecular structure, binding capacity and recognition ability

Answer 56

primary structure

Question 57

responsible for the many chemical and physical properties of protein

Answer 57

tertiary structure

Question 58

a principal fetal protein which is used to assess maternal serum as screening test for any fetal conditions

Answer 58

alpha fetoprotein

Question 59

has the highest concentration of plasma

Answer 59

albumin

Question 60

if we test for proteins we test

Answer 60

total protein - albumin = globulins

Question 61

indicator of nutrition, binds thyroid hormones and retinol binding protein

Answer 61

prealbumin

Question 62

binds bilirubin, steroids, fatty acids, major contributor to oncotic pressure

Answer 62

albumin

Question 63

acute phase reactant, protease inhibitor

Answer 63

alpha 1 antitrypsin

Question 64

elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein indicates risk for

Answer 64

spina bifida

Question 65

acute phase reactant, may be related to immune response

Answer 65

alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid)

Question 66

transport lipids (HDL)

Answer 66

alpha 1-lipoprotein

Question 67

inhibits serine proteinases

Answer 67

alpha 1 antichymotrypsin

Question 68

component of leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules

Answer 68

B2-microglobulin

Question 69

immune responses

Answer 69

c1q, c3, c4 complement

Question 70

precursor of fibrin clot

Answer 70

fibrinogen

Question 71

acute phase reactant, motivates phagocytosis in inflammatory disease

Answer 71

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 72

antibodies

Answer 72

immunoglobulin G, A, M, E, D

Question 73

antibodies in secretions

Answer 73

immunoglobulin A

Question 74

antibodies in early response

Answer 74

immunoglobulin M

Question 75

antibodies in reagins and allergy

Answer 75

immunoglobulin E

Question 76

transports iron

Answer 76

transferrin

Question 77

binds heme

Answer 77

hemopexin

Question 78

most common acute phase reactant, oxidase activity, contains copper

Answer 78

ceruloplasmin

Question 79

ceruloplasmin is also a marker for

Answer 79

wilson’s disease

Question 80

LDL is a?

Answer 80

beta globulin

Question 81

rough measure of all the proteins in the plasma

Answer 81

total proteins

Question 82

total protein low result

Answer 82

hypoproteinemia

Question 83

states that there is a negative nitrogen balance, there is more catabolism breakdown and there is combination or growth than anabolism

Answer 83

hypoproteinemia

Question 84

high total protein

Answer 84

hyperproteinemia

Question 85

a result of dehydration or excessive production of protein

Answer 85

hyperproteinemia

Question 86

clinical adult range of total protein

Answer 86

6.5-8.3 g/dL

Question 87

is not a part of routine examination

Answer 87

protein examination

Question 88

is a big NO because it may falsely elevate the total protein

Answer 88

hemolyzed sample

Question 89

is preferred rather than plasma, because anticoagulant slowly dilutes the proteins in the plasma

Answer 89

serum