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CC1 Lab > Amino Acida & Protein II > Flashcards

Amino Acida & Protein II Flashcards

1
Q

is the reference method of determination

A

kjeldahl technique

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2
Q

not routinely used because it is TEDIOUS

A

kjedahl

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3
Q

in kjeldahl, the serum used should be pre treated with ___ to produce a____

A

tungstic acid, proteins free filtrate

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4
Q

colorimetric, is the most widely used, in fact it is also recommended by the IFCC panel

A

biuret method

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5
Q

principle of biuret method

A

formation of colored chelate between cupric ions and peptide bonds which forms a color violet

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6
Q

in biuret method there is a formation of colored chelate between ____ and ___ which forms a color violet

A

cupric ions and peptide bonds

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7
Q

the change of color in biuret method can be measured by the

A

spectrophotometer under 545 nm

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8
Q

also called lowry method, main reagent is a phenol reagent

A

folin ciocalteu method

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9
Q

principle of folin ciocalteu method

A

there is an oxidation of phenolic compound that will give a deep blue color

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10
Q

the absorbance of protein

A

UV absorption

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11
Q

UV absorption is the absorbance of protein at ____ due to the absorbance of the peptide bond’s _____

A

210-280 nm, specific wavelengths

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12
Q

there is a migration of charged particles in the electronic field

A

serum protein electrophoresis (SPE)

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13
Q

in SPE proteins will migrate from ____ to ____

A

negative to positive

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14
Q

in their migration ____ is the fastest

A

albumin

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15
Q

reference value for albumin

A

53-65%

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16
Q

second fastest to migrate

A

alpha 1 (2.5-5)

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17
Q

third fastest to migrate

A

alpha-2 (7-13%)

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18
Q

fourth fastest to migrate

A

beta (8-14% )

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19
Q

slowest to migrate

A

gamma (12-22%)

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20
Q

based on the refractive based on the proteins

A

refractometry

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21
Q

uses chemicals, SSA, determination of protein in the urine which uses acid which causes protein to coagulate, it also scatters light or blocks the light

A

turbidimetric and nephelometric methods

22
Q

uses sodium sulfate salt

A

salt fractionation

23
Q

salt fractionation will cause the ___ to be separated from the ___ (salting out)

A

globulin, albumin

24
Q

most abundant protein in the blood

A

albumin

25
Q

album is ____ to the severity of the liver disease

A

inversely proportional

26
Q

albumin levels will decline if there are severe hepatocellular disease more than ____

A

3 weeks

27
Q

functions of albumin

A

antioxidant, major buffer, transport

28
Q

clinical adult range of albumin

A

3.5-5.0 g/dL

29
Q

considered value for hypoalbuminemia

A

<3.5

30
Q

value considered as hyperalbuminemia

A

> 5.0

31
Q
  • wherein nglobulins are precipitated in high salt concentration; albumin in supernatant is quantitated by biuret reaction
  • labor intensive
A

salt precipitation

32
Q
  • nonspecific for albumin
  • albumin binds to dye; caused shift in absorption maximum
A

methyl orange

33
Q
  • albumin binds to dye; causes shift in absorption
  • many interferences
A

HABA (2,4- hydroxyazobenzene benzoic acid)

34
Q

interferences of HABA

A

salicylates, bilirubin

35
Q
  • sensitive; overestimates low albumin levels;
  • most commonly used dye
A

BCG (bromescol green)

36
Q
  • specific, sensitive , precise
  • best
A

BCP (bromescol purple)

37
Q
  • accurate; gives overview of relative changes in different protein fractions
A

electrophoresis

38
Q

proteins separated based on electric charge

A

electrophoresis

39
Q

carrier of some hormones, lipids, metals, and antibodies

A

globulins

40
Q

high globulin levels may be seen in

A

chronic infections, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myelomas and lupus

41
Q

lower globulin levels may be seen in

A

immunocompromised patients, poor dietary habits, malabsorption, liver and kidney disease

42
Q

clinical adult range of globulins

A

2.0-4.0 g/dL

43
Q

common causes of globulin increase

A

hypochlorydia (stomach doesnt produce acid anymore) liver disease (infection)

44
Q

common causes of globulin decrease

A

anemia, hemorrhage

45
Q

an important indicator of disease states

A

albumin/globulin ratio

46
Q

inverted albumin/globulin ratio is seen in

A

cirrhosis, multiple myeloma, waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

47
Q

albumin/globulin ratio clinical adult range

A

1.3 - 3.1

48
Q

low albumin ratio suggests

A

ulcerative colitis, burns, and kidney disease

49
Q

if ratio is ___ it could be a sign of disease to the liver, kidney, or the intestines, low thyroid activity, or leukemia

A

> 3

50
Q

how to calculate for G (globulin)

A

TP-ALB

51
Q

Ratio

A

ALB/G

CC1 Lab (8 decks)

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