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NBDE Part I > Amino Acids (281-284) > Flashcards

Amino Acids (281-284) Flashcards

1
Q

Aliphatic R-groups

Just H’s in diff. amounts

A

Alanine, Glycine, Isoleucine, leucine, Valine

AVG LI (Average LI)

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2
Q

Hydroxylic

-OH

A

Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine

Ser TT (like Sir tristan thompson)

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3
Q

Acidic

-NH2 or O-

A

Asparagine, Glutamine, Aspartate (aspartic acid), Glutamate (glutamic acid)

“GA-GA” (the babies hate acid)

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4
Q

Basic

Positive R

A

Arginine, Histidine, Lysne

“His-L-Arg”

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5
Q

Aromatic

A

Histidine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine

“HPTT”

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6
Q

Thiol

-Sulfur-containing

A

Cysteine, Methionine

“Meth contains sulfur & gives you cysts”

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7
Q

Imino

=N

A

Proline

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8
Q

Nonessential AA’s–All synthesized from glucose in TCA cycle (from a-ketoacids, a-amino acids, transaminases, vitamin B6), EXCEPT 1 ____, which is derived from phenylalanine

A

“A4CG3-PSTyro”

  • Arginine, Aspartate, Asparagine, Alanine
  • Cysteine
  • Glycine, Glutamate, Glutamine
  • Proline
  • Serine
  • Tyrosine
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9
Q

Disulfide bonds (cysteine residues) are abundant in

A

Insulin & Ig

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10
Q

Which AA’s are ketogenic (aka yield Acetyl-CoA)

A

Leucine & Lysine

“2 L’s”

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11
Q

Which AA’s are Glucogenic (aka yield pyruvate)

A

Just know which are keto and which are Both…the 14 others are Glycogenic and yield pyruvate

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12
Q

Which AA’s are both Ketogenic (Acetyl-CoA) & Glycogenic (yield pyruvate)

A

Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine

The aromatics (minus Histidine) + Isoleucine

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13
Q

Phenylalanine produces

A

Tyrosine

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14
Q

Tyrosin produces

A

DOPA

T3, T4

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15
Q

DOPA produces

A

Melanin (Skin)

Dopamine–>NE–>Epi

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16
Q

Which AA’s can Pyruvate turn into

A

Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

-Aliphatics minus Glycine

17
Q

Oxaloacetate can turn into

A

Aspartate

18
Q

Aspartate can turn into

A

Asparagine
Lysine
Methionine
Threonine

19
Q

Tryptophan–>_____–>______

A

5-hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin)->Melatonin

20
Q

Ribose-5-P–> ____–>____

A

Histidine*

Histamine

21
Q

a-Ketoglutarate–>____

A

Glutamate

22
Q

Glutamate—> (3)

A

Arginine*
Glutamine
Proline

23
Q

Arginine–>____

A

Nitric Oxide

24
Q

3-phosphoglycerate–>

A

Serine

25
Q

Serine–> (2)

A

Cysteine

Glycine*–>Porphyrin–>Heme

26
Q

Disease:

  • AA affected: Phenylalanine
  • Defic: Phenylalanine hydroxylase
  • Eff: Retardation, Dec skin/hair pigmentation. Need tyrosine supplements
A

PKU (Phenylketouria)

27
Q

Disease:

  • AA affected: Tyrosine
  • Defic: Tyrosinase
  • Eff: Lack of melanin pigmentation
A

Albinism

28
Q

Disease:

  • AA affected: Tyrosine
  • Def: Homogentisic acid oxidase
  • Eff: Excessive urinary secretion of homogentisic acid, causing BLACK URINE*, pigmented sclera
A

Alkaptonuria

29
Q

Disease:

  • AA affected: Cysteine
  • Def: Renal absorp. of Cysteine
  • Eff: Excessive urinary exertion of cysteine, kidney stones
A

Cystinuria

30
Q

Specific seq. of amino acids in polypeptide chain

“Residues”

A

primary structure

31
Q

Folding portions of polypeptide chain

A

Secondary structure
a-helix: Coiled
b-pleated: Zig-zag or pleated
b-Turn: Reverse turns that link two sides of B sheet

32
Q

Overall 3D conformation of polypeptide–“Domains”

A

Tertiary

33
Q

Spatial arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains assoc. with non-covalent interactions

“Subunits”

A

Quaternary

34
Q

Collagen forms a ____helix consisting of 3 ____chains

A

Triple helix

a-chains

35
Q

Collagen is produced by what types of cells

*It is the organic matrix in dentin & cementum–NONE in enamel

A 
Fibroblasts
Epi cells
odontoblasts
osteoblasts 
chondrocytes
36
Q

____ is required for the hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine during Collagen Synthesis

A

Vitamin C

NBDE Part I (23 decks)

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