Amino Acids (281-284) Flashcards
Aliphatic R-groups
Just H’s in diff. amounts
Alanine, Glycine, Isoleucine, leucine, Valine
AVG LI (Average LI)
Hydroxylic
-OH
Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine
Ser TT (like Sir tristan thompson)
Acidic
-NH2 or O-
Asparagine, Glutamine, Aspartate (aspartic acid), Glutamate (glutamic acid)
“GA-GA” (the babies hate acid)
Basic
Positive R
Arginine, Histidine, Lysne
“His-L-Arg”
Aromatic
Histidine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine
“HPTT”
Thiol
-Sulfur-containing
Cysteine, Methionine
“Meth contains sulfur & gives you cysts”
Imino
=N
Proline
Nonessential AA’s–All synthesized from glucose in TCA cycle (from a-ketoacids, a-amino acids, transaminases, vitamin B6), EXCEPT 1 ____, which is derived from phenylalanine
“A4CG3-PSTyro”
- Arginine, Aspartate, Asparagine, Alanine
- Cysteine
- Glycine, Glutamate, Glutamine
- Proline
- Serine
- Tyrosine
Disulfide bonds (cysteine residues) are abundant in
Insulin & Ig
Which AA’s are ketogenic (aka yield Acetyl-CoA)
Leucine & Lysine
“2 L’s”
Which AA’s are Glucogenic (aka yield pyruvate)
Just know which are keto and which are Both…the 14 others are Glycogenic and yield pyruvate
Which AA’s are both Ketogenic (Acetyl-CoA) & Glycogenic (yield pyruvate)
Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine
The aromatics (minus Histidine) + Isoleucine
Phenylalanine produces
Tyrosine
Tyrosin produces
DOPA
T3, T4
DOPA produces
Melanin (Skin)
Dopamine–>NE–>Epi
Which AA’s can Pyruvate turn into
Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine
-Aliphatics minus Glycine
Oxaloacetate can turn into
Aspartate
Aspartate can turn into
Asparagine
Lysine
Methionine
Threonine
Tryptophan–>_____–>______
5-hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin)->Melatonin
Ribose-5-P–> ____–>____
Histidine*
Histamine
a-Ketoglutarate–>____
Glutamate
Glutamate—> (3)
Arginine*
Glutamine
Proline
Arginine–>____
Nitric Oxide
3-phosphoglycerate–>
Serine
Serine–> (2)
Cysteine
Glycine*–>Porphyrin–>Heme
Disease:
- AA affected: Phenylalanine
- Defic: Phenylalanine hydroxylase
- Eff: Retardation, Dec skin/hair pigmentation. Need tyrosine supplements
PKU (Phenylketouria)
Disease:
- AA affected: Tyrosine
- Defic: Tyrosinase
- Eff: Lack of melanin pigmentation
Albinism
Disease:
- AA affected: Tyrosine
- Def: Homogentisic acid oxidase
- Eff: Excessive urinary secretion of homogentisic acid, causing BLACK URINE*, pigmented sclera
Alkaptonuria
Disease:
- AA affected: Cysteine
- Def: Renal absorp. of Cysteine
- Eff: Excessive urinary exertion of cysteine, kidney stones
Cystinuria
Specific seq. of amino acids in polypeptide chain
“Residues”
primary structure
Folding portions of polypeptide chain
Secondary structure
a-helix: Coiled
b-pleated: Zig-zag or pleated
b-Turn: Reverse turns that link two sides of B sheet
Overall 3D conformation of polypeptide–“Domains”
Tertiary
Spatial arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains assoc. with non-covalent interactions
“Subunits”
Quaternary
Collagen forms a ____helix consisting of 3 ____chains
Triple helix
a-chains
Collagen is produced by what types of cells
*It is the organic matrix in dentin & cementum–NONE in enamel
Fibroblasts Epi cells odontoblasts osteoblasts chondrocytes
____ is required for the hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine during Collagen Synthesis
Vitamin C
