Amino Acids

Question 1

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 1

Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 2

What are the non-essential amino acids?

Answer 2

Alanine
Arginine
Asparagine
Aspartic Acid
Cysteine
Glutamic acid
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Selenocysteine
Serine
Tyrosine

Question 3

only unique feature in each amino acid

Answer 3

R-group

Question 4

two mirror image forms

Answer 4

L and D

Question 5

With only very minor exceptions, every amino acid found in cells and proteins are in the ___________

Answer 5

L configuration

Question 6

What are the classifications of R-groups?

Answer 6

Non-Polar
Carboxyl
Amine
Aromatic
hydroxyl
other

Question 7

What are the amino acids that has Non-Polar R-groups?

Answer 7

Alanine
Glycine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Methionine
Proline
Valine

Question 8

What are the amino acids that has carboxyl R-groups?

Answer 8

Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid

Question 9

What are the amino acids that has Amine R-groups?

Answer 9

Arginine
Histidine
Lysine

Question 10

What are the amino acids that has aromatic R-groups?

Answer 10

Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

Question 11

What are the amino acids that has hydroxyl R-groups?

Answer 11

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine

Question 12

What are the amino acids that has other R-groups?

Answer 12

Asparagine
Cysteine
Glutamine
Selenocysteine
Pyrrolysine

Question 13

source of energy for cells

Answer 13

catabolism of amino acids

Question 14

produce intermediates that can be turned into glucose

Answer 14

glucogenic

Question 15

intermediates are made into acetyl-CoA

Answer 15

ketogenic

Question 16

What are amino acids that are ketogenic

Answer 16

Lysine
Leucine

Question 17

What are amino acids that are glucogenic

Answer 17

Arginine
Histidine
Proline
Glutamine

Glutamate

Methionine
Valine

Asparagine
Apartate

Alanine
Cysteine
Glycine
Serine

Question 18

Amino acids that can be ketogenic and glucogenic

Answer 18

Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Isoleucine

Question 19

common alterations in post translational modifications

Answer 19

phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups
lysine, proline, and histidine can have hydroxyls added to amines in their R-groups
addition of fatty acids isoprenoid, acetyl, methyl, iodine, carboxyl, and sulfates

Question 20

Tyrosine is precursor of

Answer 20

Epinephrine
thyroid hormones
L-dopa
Dopamine

Question 21

Tryptophan is precursor of

Answer 21

serotonin

Question 22

Histidine is precursor of

Answer 22

Histamine

Question 23

polymers of amino acids

Answer 23

proteins

Question 24

Amino acids are linked to each other by _______

Answer 24

peptide bonds

Question 25

carboxyl group of one amino acid is bind to another amino group with the ____________-

Answer 25

loss of water molecule

Question 26

chain made up of few amino acids linked together

Answer 26

oligopeptide

Question 27

oligo means

Answer 27

few

Question 28

atypical protein which is made up of many amino acids

Answer 28

polypeptide

Question 29

poly means

Answer 29

many

Question 30

end of peptide that has free amino group

Answer 30

N-terminus (for NH2)

Question 31

end of peptide with free carboxyl

Answer 31

C-terminus (for carboxyl)

Question 32

workhorses of the cell

Answer 32

proteins

Question 33

mediate signaling

Answer 33

proteins

Question 34

diversity of proteins

Answer 34

20n amino acids

Question 35

unique sequence or order of amino acids

Answer 35

primary structure

Question 36

dictates 3D conformation the folded protein will have

Answer 36

primary structure

Question 37

include a-helix and b-strands

Answer 37

secondary structure

Question 38

interactions between close amino acids gives rise to

Answer 38

secondary structure

Question 39

Secondary structures are predicted by

Answer 39

Linus Pauling Robert Corey Herman Branson

Question 40

how many amino acids per turn of a-helix

Answer 40

3.6 amino acids

Question 41

helices of amino acids are predominantly

Answer 41

right handed

Question 42

helices of glycines are

Answer 42

left handed

Question 43

form between C=O and N-H groups in polypeptide backbone

Answer 43

hydrogen bonds

Question 44

primary forces stabilizing a-helix

Answer 44

hydrogen bonds

Question 45

describe parameters of helix

Answer 45

rise repeat pitch

Question 46

no. of residues in a helix before it begins to repeat itself

Answer 46

repeat

Question 47

distance the helix elevates with addition of each residue

Answer 47

rise

Question 48

distance between complete turns

Answer 48

pitch

Question 49

stability of a-helix is enhanced by presence of amino acid

Answer 49

aspartate

Question 49

end amino acids are separated by one peptide bond

Answer 49

δ-turns

Question 50

separation by two peptide bonds

Answer 50

γ-turns

Question 51

separation by 3 peptide bonds

Answer 51

β-turns

Question 52

separation by 4 peptide bonds

Answer 52

α-turns

Question 53

separation by 5 peptide bonds

Answer 53

π-turns

Question 54

most common form

Answer 54

β-turns

Question 55

theoretical but unlikely due to steric limitations

Answer 55

δ-turns

Question 56

fourth most abundant secondary structure in proteins, constituting about 10-15% helices

Answer 56

310 helix (10 amino acids in 3 turns)

Question 57

special type of a-helix

Answer 57

π-turns

Question 58

a-helix with an extra amino acid stuck in the middle of it

Answer 58

π-turns