amino acids

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

creates a complementary RNA copy (mRNA) of a sequence of DNA (gene)

Question 2

translation

Answer 2

mRNA is decoded by the ribosome and tRNA is used to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein

Question 3

what are some aspects of proteins?

Answer 3

phenotype of an organism determined by proteins; 3d structure of proteins defines function by interaction

Question 4

what defines amino acid type?

Answer 4

side chain

Question 5

zwitterion form/ dipolar ion

Answer 5

can act as either an acid or a base

Question 6

what is the charge of an amino acid dependent on?

Answer 6

pH of the solution

Question 7

what is the formula for isoelectric point?

Answer 7

pI=(pKa1+pKa)/2

Question 8

what is the simplest amino acid

Answer 8

glycine

Question 9

L-configuration

Answer 9

CORN law (H atom on top); encoded proteins have this at the chiral center

Question 10

amino acids with nonpolar, aliphatic R groups

Answer 10

glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine

Question 11

amino acids with aromatic R groups

Answer 11

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

Question 12

which AAs tend to cluster together on the inside of proteins, stabilizing protein structure via hydrophobic interactions

Answer 12

Ala, Val, Leu, & Ile

Question 13

what is special about tryptophan?

Answer 13

the hydroxyl group on it can form hydrogen bonds and plays an important functional role in some enzymes

Question 14

AAs with polar, uncharged R groups

Answer 14

serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine

Question 15

disulfide bonds

Answer 15

forms covalent links between parts of a polypeptide molecule or between 2 different polypeptide chains

Question 16

how can cysteines form cystine?

Answer 16

they oxidize through a disulfide bond

Question 17

AAs with positively charged R groups

Answer 17

lysine, arginine, histidine

Question 18

what is the only AA with an ionizable side chain that has a pKa near neutrality?

Answer 18

Histidine

Question 19

AAs with negatively charged R groups

Answer 19

Aspartate and Glutamate

Question 20

what does a spectrophotometer detect?

Answer 20

the presence of particular biomolecules and estimate concentration

Question 21

alanine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 21

Ala, A (first amino acid alphabeticaly)

Question 22

cysteine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 22

Cys, C

Question 23

aspartate-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 23

Asp, D (asparDate)

Question 24

Glutamate-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 24

Glu, E (gluEtamate)

Question 25

Phenylalanine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 25

Phe, F (Fenylalanine)

Question 26

Glycine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 26

Gly, G

Question 27

Histidine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 27

His, H

Question 28

Isoleucine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 28

Ile, I

Question 29

Lysine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 29

Lys, K (K is near L in alphabet)

Question 30

Leucine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 30

Leu, L

Question 31

Methionine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 31

Met, M

Question 32

Asparagine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 32

Asn, N (asparagiNe)

Question 33

Proline-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 33

Pro, P (starts with p and is p-shaped)

Question 34

Glutamine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 34

Gln, Q (Q-tamine)

Question 35

Arginine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 35

Arg, R (R-ginine)

Question 36

Serine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 36

Ser, S

Question 37

Threonine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 37

Thr, T

Question 38

Valine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 38

Val, V

Question 39

Tryptophan-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 39

Trp, W (tWyptophan)

Question 40

Tyrosine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

Answer 40

Tyr, Y (tYrosine)