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biochem > amino acids > Flashcards

amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

transcription

A

creates a complementary RNA copy (mRNA) of a sequence of DNA (gene)

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2
Q

translation

A

mRNA is decoded by the ribosome and tRNA is used to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein

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3
Q

what are some aspects of proteins?

A

phenotype of an organism determined by proteins; 3d structure of proteins defines function by interaction

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4
Q

what defines amino acid type?

A

side chain

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5
Q

zwitterion form/ dipolar ion

A

can act as either an acid or a base

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6
Q

what is the charge of an amino acid dependent on?

A

pH of the solution

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7
Q

what is the formula for isoelectric point?

A

pI=(pKa1+pKa)/2

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8
Q

what is the simplest amino acid

A

glycine

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9
Q

L-configuration

A

CORN law (H atom on top); encoded proteins have this at the chiral center

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10
Q

amino acids with nonpolar, aliphatic R groups

A

glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine

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11
Q

amino acids with aromatic R groups

A

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

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12
Q

which AAs tend to cluster together on the inside of proteins, stabilizing protein structure via hydrophobic interactions

A

Ala, Val, Leu, & Ile

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13
Q

what is special about tryptophan?

A

the hydroxyl group on it can form hydrogen bonds and plays an important functional role in some enzymes

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14
Q

AAs with polar, uncharged R groups

A

serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine

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15
Q

disulfide bonds

A

forms covalent links between parts of a polypeptide molecule or between 2 different polypeptide chains

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16
Q

how can cysteines form cystine?

A

they oxidize through a disulfide bond

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17
Q

AAs with positively charged R groups

A

lysine, arginine, histidine

18
Q

what is the only AA with an ionizable side chain that has a pKa near neutrality?

A

Histidine

19
Q

AAs with negatively charged R groups

A

Aspartate and Glutamate

20
Q

what does a spectrophotometer detect?

A

the presence of particular biomolecules and estimate concentration

21
Q

alanine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Ala, A (first amino acid alphabeticaly)

22
Q

cysteine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Cys, C

23
Q

aspartate-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Asp, D (asparDate)

24
Q

Glutamate-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Glu, E (gluEtamate)

25
Q

Phenylalanine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Phe, F (Fenylalanine)

26
Q

Glycine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Gly, G

27
Q

Histidine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

His, H

28
Q

Isoleucine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Ile, I

29
Q

Lysine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Lys, K (K is near L in alphabet)

30
Q

Leucine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Leu, L

31
Q

Methionine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Met, M

32
Q

Asparagine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Asn, N (asparagiNe)

33
Q

Proline-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Pro, P (starts with p and is p-shaped)

34
Q

Glutamine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Gln, Q (Q-tamine)

35
Q

Arginine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Arg, R (R-ginine)

36
Q

Serine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Ser, S

37
Q

Threonine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Thr, T

38
Q

Valine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Val, V

39
Q

Tryptophan-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Trp, W (tWyptophan)

40
Q

Tyrosine-> 3 letter, 1 letter

A

Tyr, Y (tYrosine)

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