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BIO/BIOCHEM (MCAT) > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Draw the general structure of an amino acid.

A

LOL DRAW IT

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2
Q

List the nonpolar amino acids. (Hint: 9)

A 
Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Proline
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3
Q

List the polar amino acids. (hint: 6)

A 
Serine
Threonine
Cysteine
Asparagine
Tyrosine
Glutamine
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4
Q

List the acidic amino acids. (Hint: 2)

A

aspartic acid / aspartate

glutamic acid / glutamate

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5
Q

List the basic amino acids. (hint: 3)

A

Histidine
Lysine
Arginine

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6
Q

What are the charges of the amine group and the carboxy group at high pH? Draw the general structure.

A

NH2 (uncharged)
COO- (negatively charged)

hint: as pH increases, functional groups get DEprotonated

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7
Q

What are the charges of the amine group and the carboxy group at low pH? Draw the general structure.

A

NH3+ (positively charged)
COOH (uncharged)

hint: as pH decreases, functional groups get protonated

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8
Q

What are the charges of the amine group and the carboxy group at pH = 7? Draw the general structure. What is the name for this structure?

A

NH3+ (positively charged)
COO- (negatively charged)

name: zwitterion

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9
Q

List the aromatic amino acids. (hint: 3)

A

tyrosine
tryptophan
phenylalanine

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10
Q

Basic amino acids have a ____________ charged R-group at pH 7. Acidic amino acids have a ____________ charged R-group at pH 7.

Fill in the blanks with either:

a) positively
b) negatively

A

basic AA - positively charged R-group at pH 7

acidic AA - negatively charged R-group at pH 7

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11
Q

What are the 3 pKa values that we have to keep in mind?

A

pK1 - COOH
pKR - R group
pK2 - NH2

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12
Q

Which is the only amino acid with an R configuration?

a) glycine
b) tryptophan
c) cysteine
d) aspartate

A

c) cysteine

hint: all amino acids have an S configuration except cysteine

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13
Q

Which amino acid is achiral?

a) glycine
b) glutamine
c) methionine
d) alanine

A

a) glycine

hint: all amino acids, except glycine, are chiral

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14
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Serine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Ser
S
Polar

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15
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Phenylalanine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Phe
F
nonpolar

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16
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Alanine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Ala
A
Nonpolar

17
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Histidine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

His
H
Basic
+

18
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Glutamine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Gln
Q
Polar

19
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Lysine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Lys
K
Basic
+

20
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Glycine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Gly
G
Non-polar

21
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Proline:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Pro
P
Nonpolar

22
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Threonine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Thr
T
Polar

23
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Aspartate:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Asp
D
Acidic
-

24
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Tryptophan:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Trp
W
Nonpolar

25
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Arginine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Arg
R
Basic
+

26
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Glutamate:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Glu
E
Acidic
-

27
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Isoleucine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Ile
I
Nonpolar

28
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Asparagine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Asn
N
Polar

29
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Methionine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Met
M
Nonpolar

30
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Tyrosine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Tyr
Y
Polar

31
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Cysteine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Cys
C
Polar

32
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Valine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Val
V
Nonpolar

33
Q

List the following and draw the structure for Leucine:

3-letter abbreviation
1-letter abbreviation
AA classification
+/- charged R group (if applicable)

A

Leu
L
Nonpolar

34
Q

Write the shorthand notation:

The 76th amino acid was mutated from Lysine to Glutamine.

A

K76Q or Lys76Gln

35
Q

In highly acidic environments, AAs tend to be ____________ charged. In highly alkaline environments, AAs tend to be ____________ charged.

Fill in the blank with:

a) positively
b) negatively

A

acidic environment –> positively charged AA
basic environment –> negatively charged AA

note: consider the overall charge of the AA, not just the R group

BIO/BIOCHEM (MCAT) (9 decks)

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