amino acid metabolism

Question 1

average protein turnover

Answer 1

300-400g a day

Question 2

essential amino acids

Answer 2

very many little hairy pigs live in the toilet of argentine

val/met/lys/his/phe/leu/ile/trp/thr/arg

Question 3

positive nitrogen balance

Answer 3

intake> excretion;

growing/ convalescence after illness/pregnancy

Question 4

negative nitrogen balance

Answer 4

excretion> intake;

trauma/illness/starvation

Question 5

transamination process

Answer 5

aa + 2-oxoglutarate -> oxo acid + L-glu

by AMINOTRANSFERASE

Question 6

deamination process

Answer 6

L-glu + NAD + H2O -> 2-oxo-glutarate + NADH + NH4

by GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE

Question 7

whats transdeamination

Answer 7

transamination followed by deamination

Question 8

What happens to oxo acids

Answer 8

leu + lys -> acetyl coA (KETOGENIC)

all the others -> glucose (GLUCOGENIC)

Question 9

how are aa transported out of muscle to liver for deamination

Answer 9

first transamination into gln/ala/asp

to liver -> transamination into glu -> deaminated

Question 10

why is gln so important? why cant you just deaminate shit outside the liver?

Answer 10

gln is a safe carrier of ammonia. it can carry 2 ammonia equivalents. ammonia is toxic to the brain. use as buffer for kidneys too

Question 11

gln metabolism

Answer 11

gln-> glu 
BY GLUTAMINASE 
H2O USED; NH3 PRODUCED 
glu-> gln 
BY GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE
ATP USED
NH3 USED

Question 12

urea cycle

Answer 12

nh4 + co2 + 2atp -> carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi
by CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1
carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine-> citrulline
asp + citrulline-> arginosuccinate -> arg-> ornithine (urea produced)

Question 13

end products of N metabolism, what they imply

Answer 13

urea : protein breakdown
creatinine: creatinine phosphate breakdown
uric acid: RNA DNA breakdown
ammonia: ph control