aerobic respiration Flashcards
the link reaction; enzyme involved; co-factors involved
pyruvate + coA + NAD -> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH produced (PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE)
Cofactors: FAD/ lipoic acid/thiamine pyrophosphate
what does CoA do?
makes thioester bonds with carboxylic acids (pyruvate has a carboxylic group)
how many steps in tca
8
step 1 in TCA
oxaloacetate + acetylCoA -> citrate
CITRATE SYNTHETASE
Step 2 in TCA
citrate isocitrate
ACONITASE
step 3 in TCA
Isocitrate -> alpha-ketogluterate (c5)
ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE
NADH produced
CO2 produced
step 4 in TCA
alpha-ketogluterate + coA -> succinyl coA (C4)
KETOGLUTERATE DEHYDROGENASE
NADH produced
CO2 produced
step 5 in TCA
succinyl coA -> succinate
SUCCINATE THIOKINASE
CoA produced
GTP produced
step 6 in TCA
succinate -> fumarate
SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE
FADH2 produced
step 7 in TCA
fumarate -> malate
FUMARASE
H2O used
step 8 in TCA
malate-> oxaloacetate
MALATE DEHYDROGENASE
NADH produced
how many NADH , FADH and GTP produced in TCA
3 NADH
1 FADH
1 GTP
how much ATP is yielded by TCA
1 NADH yields 2.5 ATP
1 FADH yields 1.5 ATP
total= 3x2.5 + 1.5 + 1 (from GTP)= 10
3 irreversible and key stages of TCA
oxaloacetate + acetyl-coA-> citrate (citrate synthetase)
isocitrate ->alpha-ketogluterate (isocitrate dehydrogenase)
alpha-ketogluterate + coA -> succinyl coA (ketogluterate dehydrogenase)
how is isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited or activated
activated by ADP
inhibited by NADH
how is ketogluterate dehydrogenase inhibited
NADH
and succinyl coA
how is citrate synthetase inhibited
NADH
succinyl coA
where else can oxaloacetate be derived from
pyruvate by
PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE
what else can happen to oxaloacetate
transamination into ASPARTATE-> other aa/purines/pyrimidines
conversion to PEP-> glucose by PEP CARBOXYLASE
what else can happen to malate
-> pyruvate by malic enzyme
what else can happen to citrate
FA/sterols
what else can happen to alpha-ketoglutarate
transamination into GLUTAMATE -> aa/purines
