Amino A and Peptides Flashcards
neuroendocrine employs short polymers of AA called
Peptides
humans and animals cannot synthesize these 10 amino acids
L-a - amino acids (human diet must contain these for growth)
how many amino acids does the kidney filter each day
50
Genus lathyrus disease
an irreversible disease where individuals lose control of their limbs
neucleotide triplets are called
codons
the R-groups of aa can be classified as 2 ways
hyrdo philic or phobic
proteins with additional amino acids in it
posttranslations
an L @ amino acid found in every domain of life
Selenocysteine
building blocks of proteins
Amino acids and peptides
what is in the middle of the amino acid structure
the central carbon
acids also has the amino group (NH2)
that has Nitrogen
other side of the carbon is carboxyl
COOH
Thus, amino group, central carbon and carboxyl group made
up the structure is called
an amino acid
what makes amino acids special
R group above C
Levo means left sided while dextro means right sided
the L-alanine amino
acid is called as such because the amino group is on the left
side
amino acids actually exist as L amino
acids since they are all in the L confirmation or orientation
Naturally produced in the human body are the L
amino acids
what are the aliphatic amino acids
has linear or branched chain
branched are the Valine (V), Leucine
L) and Isoleucine (I
Linear are Glycine and Alanine
GAVLI
HYDROXYL (-OH) AMINO ACIDS
Another amino acid group which contains hydroxyl are the
Serine (S), Threonine (T), and Tyrosine (Y)
- forms H bonds that allows proteins to interact
STY
SULFUR (-SH) CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids that contains sulfhydryl group are Cysteine and Methionine (M)
CM
- important in interaction between protein and catalysis of enzyme
ACIDIC AMINO ACIDS
- Amides are the similar version of aspartate and glutamate
but possess an extra amine group
Aspartic Acid/ Aspartate (D),
Asparagine (N), Glutamic Acid/ Glutamate (E), and
Glutamine (Q)
DNEQ
BASIC AMINO ACIDS
are basic because of their basicity of their
functional group
Arginine ®, Lysine (K), and
Histidine (H)
RKH
This amino acids are in contrast with the aliphatic amino acid
group
AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS
have ring side chains
● Aromatic amino acids are Phenylalanine (F), Tryptophan
(W), Tyrosine (Y), and Histidine (H)
FWYH
IMINO AMINO ACIDS
Proline (P)
- technically not an amino acid. imino
Proline is also a building block of protein
classification of amino acids
- non polar Amino acids
- POLAR, NON CHARGED AMINO ACIDS
- POLAR, CHARGED AMINO ACIDS
this amino acid are
- neutral
- no charge, not interact well with water
- no meoity to have free interaction
NON POLAR Amino acid
-Alanine, Valine, Leucine,
Isoleucine, Proline, Methionine, Phenylalanine and
Tryptophan
this amino acid are
- don’t have a charge at
their physiologic pH or conditions
POLAR, NON CHARGED AMINO ACIDS
Glycine, Serine,
Threonine, Cysteine, Asparagine, Glutamine, and
Tyrosine
this amino acid are -have charge at their physiologic pH or conditions - can be acidic or basic - amino acid are negatively charged -
Acidic amino acids are negatively charge and these amino
acids are Aspartic Acid, and Glutamic Acid
● Basic amino acids are positively charge and these amino
acids are Lysine, Arginine, Histidine
this property of amino acid
- Smallest amino acid
Can fit in regions inaccessible to other amino acids
Glycine
this property of amino acid
- hyrdophobic
- express inside the protein
- not exposed to the blood
amino acid with aliphatic or aromatic r group
this property of amino acid
- basic and acidic
- hydrophilic
- can be seen outside of proteins
- stabilizes protein protein thru ionic bonds
amino acids with charged R groups
this property of amino acid
- specifically serine and cysteine
- very important in enzymatic catalysis
- interact readily with other cells
hydroxyl and sulfide amino acids
this property of amino acid
- serine, tyrosine, and threonine
- undergoes phosporylation
- important for functions of enzymes
hydroxyl amino acids
this property of amino acid
-Important buffer for acid-base balance at physiologic pH
Imidazole group of Histidine
- 21s amino acid
- similar to cysteine
- selenium
- not coded in the genes
- deficiency results in Keshan disease
SELENOCYSTEINE
Keshan disease
lead to dilated
cardiomyopathy which is a type of heart failure due to
increased oxidative stress
NEUROTRANSMITTERS, HORMONES, AND
OTHER DERIVATIVES
- Thyroid hormones
- Amines
- Nitic oxide
- ## Carnitine
this neurotransmitter and derivative
- Derived from Tyrosine
› Important for regulating metabolism
Thyroid hormones
