Amines Flashcards
Primary amine example
3-amino ethane
Secondary amine example
N-ethyl-N-methyl amine
Tertiary amine example
N,N-diethyl-N-methyl amine
Quaternary amine example
N,N-diethyl-N-methyl ammonia chloride/bromide/nitrate
Haloalkane to amine
Nucleophilic substitution from haloalkane to amine with excess NH2 (1st NH2 = nucleophile ( electron pair acceptor ) and 2nd nucelophile ( base) with heat pressure to form primary amine with ammonium salt eg NH4cl+
Further substitution
where u replace a hydrogen of amine with molecule except the halogen to form secondary / tertiary amine/ quaternary with salt)
Why is nucleophilic substitution inefficient to produce a primary amine ?
one ammonia has to be added in excess and separated by fractional distillation and this method forms a mixture of amines.
Alternative to produce primary amine without separation
nitrile from haloalkane to amine using H2 ( steam ) and a nickel catalyst
Benzene primary amine formation
form nitrobenzene with concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4 then reduce it to a an amine using a tin catalyst and HCl acid. Which is represented by 6(H+) and produces 2 H2O
Nitrobenzene to amine
HCl and tin catalyst
6H+ and 2 H2O
What can amines used for?
Amines are called cationonic surfactants which means they can be used as conditioners
Are amines strong or weak bases
Weak
Two factors which affect strength of amines
Increase in alkyl groups incarses strength of bases as more positive inductive effect so has more electron density which repels lone pair which mes lone pair more available
If an amine is attached to a benzene meolecule the lone pair delicises into benzene ring which makes is less available so weaker base.
What is a base?
Proton donor
