amines

Question 1

What is an amine?

Answer 1

A compound containing -NH2 group.

Question 2

What do amines primarily react as?

Answer 2

Bases. Eg, they react with HCl to produce a salt

Question 3

How are primary aliphatic amines formed? (with reactants, conditions, and equations)

Answer 3

● Reactants: haloalkane and ammonia.
● Conditions: excess ammonia (to prevent further substitution
maximising no. of primary amines) and ethanol as solvent
(preventing hydrolysis of haloalkanes).

Question 4

How are secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines formed? (with reactants, conditions, and equations)

Answer 4

● Reactants: haloalkane and primary / secondary amine. ● Conditions: ethanol as solvent (preventing hydrolysis of
haloalkanes).

Question 5

How is phenylamine formed from nitrobenzene? (conditions, reactants, type of reaction, and equation)

Answer 5

● Conditions: reflux.
● Reactants: Sn, conc. HCl and excess NaOH (required for
hydroxide ions).
● Type of reaction: reduction.

This catalyst is required as -NO2 is an electron-withdrawing group so lowers electron density.
This is because during step 1, we have the H+ ions from the HCl and the e-‘s from the Sn forming phenylammonium.
Then in the step 2, we have the HO- reacting to form phenylamine.