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A-level History > America: Gay Rights Movement > Flashcards

America: Gay Rights Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the difference between gay Americans and other minorities? How did this impact peoples opinions

A
  • they were not a visible racial group
  • people were frightened by their ‘invisibility’ similar to how communism had been seen as an ‘invisible disease’
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2
Q

When did congress declare homosexuality a mental illness?

A

In the 1950s

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3
Q

When was homosexuality decriminalised in the whole of the US?

A

2003

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4
Q

There was a ‘red scare’ at the height of communist fears, what was the equal at the time for gay Americans and what did it aim to do?

A

The ‘lavender scare’ aimed to root out homosexuals in the same way the red scare did for communists

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5
Q

What piece of legislation did gay rights campaigners use and why?

A
  • the 1964 Civil Rights Act
    -this declared it was illegal to discriminate on the grounds of race or gender
  • used this to prove it applied to gay Americans
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6
Q

When was the Gay Rights Movement formed?

A

1969

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7
Q

After what event was the Gay Rights Movement formed?

A

After police raided the Stonewall Inn in New York

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8
Q

Why did police raid the stonewall Inn so frequently?

A

Supposedly for breaking liquor licensing laws but it was really because it was a gay bar

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9
Q

How did people who used the Stonewall Inn react to the frequent police raids?

A
  • they were used to them
  • they had a routine for slipping away and escaping
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10
Q

Summarise the event at the Stonewall Inn in 1969 that was differently to the frequent police raids, and how it led to the formation of the Gay Rights Movement?

A
  • one of the raids in June 1969, police were rough with one of the customers and something snapped in people
  • around 400 people began fighting and yelling at police
  • police were force to barricade themselves in the bar for safety
  • several nights afterward there was protest and clashes with police around the bar
  • the movement took off over the next few weeks
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11
Q

What was set up as a result of the raid of the Stonewall Inn in June 1969?

A

The Gay Liberation Front
There was then a serious of large and peaceful protests that followed

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12
Q

How were gay Americans treated before Stonewall?

A

There had been many stories of groups and individuals targeting discrimination against gay Americans

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13
Q

How did the movement grow after 1969?

A

-in 1970 there were gay pride marches in several cities
-smaller groups and the GLF worked individually and together to make changes
- highly visible gay communities sprang up in San Franciso, New York and Chicago

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14
Q

How many people were at the Gay Right March in New York in 1970?

A

10’000

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15
Q

How did the growth in gay rights support change peoples opinions for personal reasons?

A

People discovered people they liked and knew well were gay so the prejudices reduced some

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16
Q

Contextually, why did the late 1960s and early 70s mean the gay rights movement expanded rapidly?

A

There was a liberal climate

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17
Q

In 1977 there was a poll, how many people did it suggest were in support for equal rights of gay Americans?

A

50%

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18
Q

There was still hostility towards gay Americans, name 2 specific groups of people that were hostile still

A
  • the KKK
  • from some who live in certain parts of the country, e.g the rural Bible Belt, where there was increased hostility because of religious fundamentalism
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19
Q

When was the first Supreme Court ruling in favour of Gay Americans?

A

13th January 1958

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20
Q

What was the first Supreme Court ruling that favoured gay Americans?

A

The Supreme Court refused to let the postal service ban a gay magazine that they had deemed as ‘obscene”

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21
Q

When was the first Reminder day protest?

A

4th July 1965

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22
Q

What was the Reminder Day protest?

A

An anti-discrimination protest outside Independence Hall, Philadelphia carried out by 40 gay and lesbian activists
- it became an annual event

23
Q

When was the “sip-in” at a New York bar that wouldnt serve gays?

A

21st April 1966

24
Q

What event led to the NYC commission on human rights ruling that gays must be served?

A

When there was a “sip-in” at a New York Bar that refused to serve gays in April 1966

25
Q

What did the North American Conference of Homophile Organisation do in August 1968?

A

They issued a homosexual bill of rights calling for equality

26
Q

who issued a homosexual bill of rights in August 1968?

A

The North American Conference of Homophile Organisations

27
Q

How many days of riots followed stonewall on the 28th of June 1969?

A

3

28
Q

The date of the Stonewall raid

A

28th June 1969

29
Q

What was the different between the riots following Stonewall and black American riots?

A

Stonewall riots got very little media coverage compared to black American riots

30
Q

What was seen as the first ever Gay Pride?

A

The marches on the anniversary of Stonewall

31
Q

When was the first ever gay pride?

A

28th June 1970

32
Q

What happened on the 28th June 1970?

A

There were marches in New York, Chicago, San Francisco and LA on the anniversary of stonewall that were seen as the first ever gay pride

33
Q

When did the American Psychiatric Association remove homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses?

A

15th December 1973

34
Q

What did the American Psychiatric Association remove from the list of mental illnesses in December 1973?

A

Homosexuality

35
Q

Who was the first openly gay American to be elected and where?

A
  • Kathy Kozachenko joined the city council of Ann Arbor in Michigan
36
Q

When was Kathy Kozachenko elected to a city council in Michigan?

A

January 1974

37
Q

When were there campaigns against Proposition 6?

A

The 8th of November 1977

38
Q

When was Harvey Milk elected and where?

A

8th November 1977 in San Francisco

39
Q

What was Harvey Milk’s first ruling?

A

To stop people being fired because they were gay

40
Q

When was Harvey Milk assassinated?

A

27th November 1978

41
Q

Who assasinated Harvey Milk?

A

Dan white

42
Q

How many years in prison was Dan white given for assassinating Harvey Milk?

A

7

43
Q

Why did people believe Dan white got such a lenient sentence?

A

Because Harvey Milk was Gay

44
Q

What was a major gay rights protest that happened on the 21st May 1979?

A

-Harvey Milk’s assasin was given a 7 year sentence
-people believed the leniency was because Milk had been gay
-5000+ protestors marched on San Francisco city hall and riots broke out
-120 people were injured

45
Q

When was the March on Washington for lesbian and gay rights?

A

14th October 1979

46
Q

What major gay rights event happened on the 14th October 1979?

A

There was a national march on Washington for gay and lesbian rights that urged for equal rights and protective legislation

47
Q

How many people were at the march on Washington for gay and lesbian rights?

A

At least 100,000

48
Q

What did the Democratic Party state in August 1980?

A

That it wont discriminate against gays and will campaign for their rights

49
Q

What was Proposition 6?

A

A law proposed in california in 1978 to ban gay and lesbian Americans and their supporters from working in state funded schools in the state

50
Q

What were the successes of the Gay Rights Movement?

A

-Openly gay officials like Kathy Kozachenko and Harvey Milk were elected for the first time
-Gay support at a federal level was increasing
-between 1979-81, 4 openly gay state judges were appointed in the government of california
-a gay teenage boy in Rhode Island successfully sued his high school for the right to bring a male date to prom

51
Q

Who strongly opposed proposition 6?

A

Harvey Milk

52
Q

What were the limitations of the Gay rights movement?

A

-Milk and the gay mayor of San Francisco were both assasinated in 1979
-In the 1970s there was growing conservative backlash, they started campaigning against gay rights
-Although proposition 6 was defeated by Californian voters, it inspired similar laws to be proposed in other states
-the outspoken conservative right became more prominent and attracted support from republicans e.g president Reagan

53
Q

Give an example of a conservative backlash campaign

A

1977 Save our Children Campaign
It was successful in stopping a Florida law that proposed banning discrimination in housing, public facilities and employment

A-level History (27 decks)

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