America: Conflict On The Plains

Question 1

When was the Indian Removal Act passed?

Answer 1

1830

Question 2

What did the Indian Removal Act include?

Answer 2

• The introduction of the Permanent Indian Frontier
• Tho whole of the plains was made ‘Indian territory’

Question 3

What was the Permanent Indian Frontier?

Answer 3

A border where if any Native Americans were found east of the border, they would be forcibly removed.

Question 4

What was the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

Answer 4

A bureau set up with Indian Agents who were sent to live with Native Americans and spy on them.

Question 5

How many American settlers travelled west through Native American land in the 1840s?

(not including the gold rush)

Answer 5

14,000

Question 6

When was the Indian Appropriations Act?

Answer 6

1851

Question 7

What did the Indian Appropriations Act involve?

Answer 7

• The introduction of reservations

Question 8

What reason did the Americans give for introducing reservations?

Answer 8

To keep them safe

Question 9

Why did reservations not work for the Sioux?

Answer 9

• They were nomadic
• Couldn’t follow the buffalo
• Couldn’t use the buffalo, diminishing food and resources

Question 10

When was the First Fort Laramie Treaty signed?

Answer 10

17th September 1851

Question 11

What did the Sioux agree to do in the First Fort Laramie Treaty?

Answer 11

• Not to attack settlers travelling on the Oregon and California trails
• To allow the building of some roads and forts

Question 12

What did the US government agree to do in the First Fort Laramie Treaty?

Answer 12

• To protect the agreed Sioux hunting areas from settlers
• To pay the Sioux an annual subsidy

Question 13

What were the two different opinions on how to deal with the Native Americans?

Answer 13

• Negotiators - mostly people from the east who wanted the Bureau of Indian affairs to make decisions about the west
• Exterminators - mostly people from the west who wanted the army to kill all the Sioux

Question 14

What were the problems with the First Fort Laramie Treaty?

Answer 14

• US government agreed to protect agreed hunting grounds, but Buffalo move
• US government agreed to pay an annual subsidy, but the Sioux didn’t use money
• Sioux couldn’t write, so the US government wrote the treaty

Question 15

What caused the failure of the First Fort Laramie Treaty?

Answer 15

• Not all Sioux bands agreed to the treaty
• Sioux never received annual subsides from US government
• 1858 Colorado gold rush lead to 100,000 settlers travelling there from 1858-61, many moved through and onto Sioux land, the US government did not protect Sioux hunting lands
• Many settlers moved to Kansas and Nebraska to farm from 1854, the US government did not protect Sioux hunting lands
• The US government encouraged the development of the transcontinental railroad, which passed through Sioux lands

Question 16

When was the Sand Creek Massacre?

Answer 16

1864

Question 17

What was the Sand Creek Massacre?

Answer 17

A massacre of 148 Cheyenne and Arapaho people lead by Colonel Chivington. He attacked the Sand Creek Camp with 600 men when it was meant to be under American protection.

Question 18

When did the Fetterman Massacre take place?

Answer 18

1866

Question 19

What happened as a result of the Fetterman Massacre?

Answer 19

The Second Fort Laramie treaty was negotiated

Question 19

What happened in the Fetterman Massacre?

Answer 19

Captain Fetterman was ordered by Colonel Carrington to help ‘support the wood train’ which had been ambushed by Native Americans. Carrington had also ordered for him to not peruse them over the Log Trail Ridge. Fetterman did pursue them and him and 80 men were killed by Native Americans.