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fj > amer govt FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

amer govt FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the type of govt policy that governs taxing and spending powers?

A

Fiscal Policy

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2
Q

What priority is promoting human rights in comparison to other foreign policy concerns?

A

last/least priority

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3
Q

Politics of black rights has shifted from voting and employment to other areas, such as discrimination of law enforcement agencies from 2014-2020 is called ?

A

Black Lives Matter - Stop mass-incarceration, advocating full voting rights for ex felons

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4
Q

why is law and order necessary for a healthy market economy?

A

so people are productive and are safe

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5
Q

discuss the importance of monetary policies in relationship to the growth of the econ and its effects on banks in the fed reserve system

A

manipulates/regulates money supply and control inflation

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6
Q

Why does the fed reserve system require member banks to retain certain types of liquid assets on hand in order to meet depositors’ demand for money? what is this policy called?

A

Reserve Requirement - so people can withdraw money when they need it

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7
Q

Understand what the open market operation is in relation to the central banking system and how it affects the US econ

A

open-market - fed govt buy/sell bonds to fund govt activities and control money supply

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8
Q

What is the lending process for banks in the fed reserve? how are rates for banks lending money to eachother set? what is the term for changing the rate?

A

fed funds market, fed funds rate - affects supply

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9
Q

review the methods/tools that the govt uses to manipulate the econ; discount rate, spending. How dos the govt apply these tools? understand reasoning

A

discount rate, reserve requirement, fed fund rate, fiscal policy

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10
Q

what are the responsibilities of the treasury dept? how does it administer the govt fiscal policy?

A

manage fed debt, print money, tweak income and other taxesq

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11
Q

how are social programs/plans financed? What types are used?

A

contributory program, payroll tax

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12
Q

future possibilities of social security’s financial crisis, what problems can arise?

A

1950s - 16 contributors for 1 retiree
2020s - 3 contributors for 1 retiree
due to fact that half of workers rely on social security

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13
Q

when medicare benefits increased in 2003 due to bush, how did it affect govt tax/spending policies?

A

taxes - stayed the same
spending - created a short-term crisis

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14
Q

what aspects of the US interests are encompassed under the term “security”?

A

Physical, infrastructure, cyber

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15
Q

what international orgs are involved in free trade?

A

WTO, NAFTA/US’CN’MX trade, IMF

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16
Q

Why is free trade important to the US and others?

A

its the best route to growth and prosperity

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17
Q

review the Gen Agreement on Trade and Tariffs. What org evolved from it?

A

World Trade Organization

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18
Q

Major foreign policy is handled by an org/group. What is it? Purpose?

A

National Security Council, advise president on what to do

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19
Q

Foreign Policy is overseen by this council created in 1947, how does it function?

A

National Security Council - meeting of the president and the heads of the military branches. helps president make informed foreign/military policy decisions

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20
Q

Purpose of executive agreements, who is involved and how can they be revoked?

A

the president and a foreign country, can be revoked by the presidential term expiring

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21
Q

What is the purpose of diplomacy in conjunction with national interests? How can it be used?

A

promote interests by peaceful means, maintain peace

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22
Q

the structural makeup of the UN, which department handles the practical powers?

A

Gen assembly, (like house of reps) and Security council (senate) has powers, 5 members can veto

23
Q

what are some of the UN council’s purpose and functions?

A

Gen assembly, 5 perm members

24
Q

what is the first collective security agreement that the US entered in, the members, date, purpose?

A

Rio Treaty - created Organization of American States, ensured attack on one is on all” Central/south america, 1947,

25
Q

what are some of the collective security treaties that the US entered, especially in 1949?

A

NATO

26
Q

Foreign policy is important in many aspects of operation in the world? Discuss some of the ways
foreign policy can be utilized and is military action it’s most important tool.

A

International monetary economics, sanctions, diplomacy, military is indeed most important tool

27
Q

In relationship to civil liberities, know the constitutional prohibitions limit, which prevent the
government from depriving its citizen of life, liberty, or property without due process of law is used.
Explain this prohibition.

A

Due process of law; 5th amendment, precedural limits and restraints

28
Q

What is the higher standard of judicial protection used by the Supreme Court, for speech and other civil
liberties and civil rights cases, which developed out of the Supreme Court case “Brown v. the Board of
Education, which shifts the burden from the complainant to the government?

A

Strict scrutiny

29
Q

What legal case established the citizen’s rights to be informed of their constitutional
rights during an arrest or questioning by police?

A

Miranda V Arizona

30
Q

What is the type of speech, which has been consistently protected by the courts, even when it
has been deemed insulting or outrageous? Why is this protected?

A

Political Speech - Brandenburg v Ohio, as long as it doesnt incite violence, eg. trump

31
Q

Commercial speech is not entitled to full First Amendment Protection.
Why can it be regulated more heavily?

A

cant be considered political speech, can contain fake info

32
Q

What is the requirement that the judicial system must use to proceed according to law, and with
adequate protection for individual rights?
Know what Amendments to the Constitution established this process of law.

A

Due Process, 4th-8th Amendments

33
Q

Difference between referendum and initiative

A

Referendum - direct vote, proposed law, bypass signature
Initiative - Petition policy proposal on ballot

34
Q

Why are referendums, initiatives, and recall considered shifts in agenda-setting power?
Discuss what this power means to the voter.

A

Institution of Direct Democracy

35
Q

Know the various types of election districts – their names such as, Single member, multiple-
member districts, and how each affects individual candidates and the ability of third party
candidates in winning major elections. What type is commonly used in Europe and the US? Know
what plurality voting means.

A

Single-member; 1 rep,
Multi-member; multiple reps,
US - SIngle, EU - Multi
Plurality Voting - more vote = win

36
Q

What is the companion brief known as “Friend of the Court?”
What is the legal term for this brief? How is it applied in a court case?

A

Amicus Curiae

37
Q

Does Congress have the legal ability, if it is unhappy with a judicial action to recraft the
legislation, if the rationale to strike it down was substantive/ rationale?
Be able to state the process, if it does have the power.

A

Yes, substantive

38
Q

Who argued that organized interests would have less opportunity to dominate the political
process if the nation is large with diverse interests?
Be prepared to provide, in which paper, he expressed his opinion.

A

James Madison in Federalist 10

39
Q

There are many types of interest groups; most share certain key organizational components.
Understand why the various groups offer different types of benefits, and be able to
differentiate between the four benefits.
Review the various types of benefits of Social Groups.

A

Purposive - rep, advocacy, participation
Material - Travel, insurance, discounts
Info - Coordination, research, contracts
Solidarity - friendship, networking
Social - Purpose and Solidarity

40
Q

The Madisonian theory is that competition among interests will produce balance and compromise.
Know the name or term for this principle. What is pluralism?

A

Theory that all interests should be free to compete for influence in US Govt
Pluralism - between range of adverse interests

41
Q

What is an authoritarian government. Provide an example. Also be able to provide examples of
state governments related to the other forms of governments that are mentioned in the text.

A

The govt answers to someone, rejects democracy. I.E, Saudi Arabia

42
Q

Routine responses to regularly recurring problems are said to be institutionalized.
Do the rules and procedures established by political institutions have an influence on what
form political activity may take? Be able to define the meaning of Institutions.

A

Congress has broad bills open to interpretation,
Yes, in others it excludes activity, open to everyone in US
Institutions - set of formal rules, procedures that shape politics/governance

43
Q

Today a candidate’s decision to run for Congress is a more personal choice.
Is one of the candidate’s important determining factors, the candidate’s individual ambitions?
Be prepared to provide an additional important consideration for the candidate to run for
office.

A

Yes, to become incumbent, participate in careerism, constituents

44
Q

When a government has supreme and independent political authority, it is said to have what
type of authority

A

Supremacy, Sovereignty

45
Q

What law case broke the back of school segregation in the 1950’s? What two
laws were the result of the affects of the case?

A

Brown V board of education - Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act

46
Q

What is the term for Congress’ efforts to exercise control over the way bureaucrats implement
policy, and is it part of the check and balance system in our government ?

A

Government oversight. Yes

47
Q

The tendency of Congress to define broad goals for agencies and delegates to the appropriate
administrative agency the power to fill in many important details exemplifies delegation of legislative
policy making, and allows for regulatory review by the executive branch.

A

Delegated Powers

48
Q

Know the difference between clientele, regulatory, internal security and redistribution
agencies. Who are they supposed to serve?

A

Redistribution - influence money supply
Clientele - serve a particular interest
Regulatory - makes rules governing a type of activity
Internal Security - Enforces fed criminal laws

49
Q

Under the Articles of Confederations, the framers established a system in which the states
retained significant powers instead of one where ultimate political authority was vested in a
single national government.
Was it true that the 13 state governmental institutions had no desire to see their power and
independance surrendered to the new national government?

A

Yes

50
Q

What is the primary task of bureaucracy? What branch oversees their
operation?

A

implement laws and policies of president/congress, overseen by Executive Branch

51
Q

Know the term that refers to a Politician, who is running for an office that they already hold.
Know what are the various incumbency advantage are in relationship to a person running
for political office.

A

Incumbent - Name recognition, media coverage, fundraising

52
Q

What was the movement that gained strength in 2018 related to cases of sexual harassment
involving prominent media and politicl figures called. Why is this important in relation to
civil rights.

A

Me too - advocates no more gender discrimination

53
Q

What is the general position of most americans related to providing Illegal Immigrants social
services, education and social service welfare programs.

A

did not support; only emergency med care

54
Q

Since the time of the “New Deal Era” most new Gov. Agencies and programs have been
placed in the executive branch, directly under presidential authority by Congress. what is
this form of Congressional action called?

A

Delegated Powers

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