Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICROM 460 > Amebae and Balantidium > Flashcards

Amebae and Balantidium Flashcards

1
Q

deaths from Amebiasis are highest in ____, people of ___ & ____ descent, and people who are age ____ or above

A

males, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, 75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

deaths from Amebiasis are associated with ____ infection

A

HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

more than 40% of fatal amebiasis occur in which states?

A

CA & TX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is Entamoeba histolytica found?

A

distributed all over the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the reservoir for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true or false: many protozoan species in the genus Entamoeba colonize humans, but NOT all are associated with disease

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

E. histolytica is pathogenic as it gobbles up ___, but E. _____ is noninvasive, but is morphologically _______ from E. histolytica

A

RBCs, dispar, indistinguishable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the lifecycle of E. histolytica

A

an individual who is infected will shed cysts and trophozoites. the trophozoites will not survive, but the cysts are hardy and can survive in the environment for days-weeks, until they’re ingested by a human. once inside a human, the cyst transforms into trophozoites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name symptoms that fall under “invasive intestinal amebiasis”

A
  • dysentery, ulceration/inflammation of colon
  • appendicitis
  • toxic megacolon
  • amebomas (granuloma that forms around the amoeba)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name symptoms that fall under “invasive extraintestinal amebiasis”

A
  • liver abscess
  • pleuropulmonary abscess
  • cutaneous and genital amebic lesions
  • brain hemorrhages (bleeding)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the content from amebic abscess have a ______ color

A

chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

skin infections from E. histolytica can be intense in the _____ region, because the _____ are excreted and can divide in the surrounding tissue

A

perianal, trophozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to diagnose amebiasis?

A
  • first try to see the parasites
  • rule out with 3x stool exam
  • fresh stool wet mount & permanent stain
  • biopsy
  • liver scan, CT scan, ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a modern way to diagnose E. histolytica?

A

PCR (E. histolytica is on the multiplex PCR panel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

size of E. histo/dispar trophozoite?

A

15-20 microns (15-60 range)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

appearance of E. histo/dispar trophozoite?

A

single nucleus w/ central karyosome, peripheral chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

erythrophagocytosis is a clue for E. ____

A

histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the appearance of the cytoplasm of E. histo/dispar trophozoites?

A

ground glass cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

E. histo/dispar trophozoites are typically found in _____ stool, while the cyst forms are usually found in ______ stool

A

diarrheal, formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many nuclei are in the cysts of E. histo/dispar?

A

4 nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what else does the cyst of E. histo/dispar contain?

A

chromatoidal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

for E. histo/dispar, 1 cyst gives rise to __ trophozoites

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the chromatid body for E. histo/dispar has _____ ends

A

rounded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

if you see 5, 6, or more nuclei then it is NOT E. ______

A

histoytica

25
Q

if you can’t visually see the parasite, use _____ or ____ assays

A

immuno/molecular

26
Q

immunoassays include fecal antigen ____

A

EIA

27
Q

serology can be useful in ______ disease, but not for ______ disease

A

extraintestinal, intestinal

28
Q

serology is ____ sensitive for EI disease, ___ sensitive for intestinal, and ___ for asymptomatic carriers

A

95%, 70%, 10%

29
Q

serology (antibody EIA) cannot differentiate between __ vs. ___ infections

A

new vs. past (maybe look for IgM)

30
Q

E. dispar is __ times more frequency that E. histolytica

A

10x

31
Q

true or false: E. histo and dispar can be distuingished by immunologic, molecular assays (PCR), or isoenzymatic assays, but also erythrophagocytosis

A

true

32
Q

Entamoeba coli (E. coli) can be distinguished by E. histolytica because its cyst form has _____ nuclei

A

8+

33
Q

Entamoeba coli also has an ____ shaped karyosome

A

unusually

34
Q

the cysts for E. coli are 10-___ microns

A

35

35
Q

the trophozoite form of E. coli looks different from E. histo because it has a ____ and ____ karyosome. its cytoplasm also appears as ____

A

unusual, large, dirty

36
Q

size of E. coli trophozoite?

A

15-50 microns

37
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni is like a ___ version of E. histolytica

A

mini

38
Q

while E. histo trophozoites are 15-20 (15-60 range) microns, E. hartmanni trophozoites are _____ microns

A

5-15

39
Q

while E. histo cysts are 10-20 microns, E. hartmanni cysts are ____

A

5-10

40
Q

the cyst of Endolimax nana is different because although it has __ nuclei, it lacks _____ bodies

A

chromatin

41
Q

the trophozoite form of Endolimax nana has a large _______, and it is smaller than E. histo (6-12 microns)

A

karyosome

42
Q

Iodamoeba buetschlii is different because its cyst has a ______ _____. the trophozoite form is sluggish and has a _____ central karyosome

A

glycogen vacuole, large

43
Q

true or false: dientamoeba fragilis is actually not an ameba, but is a flagellate

A

true

44
Q

Dientamoeba has no ____ stage

A

cyst

45
Q

Dientamoeba trophozoites have __ nuclei

A

2

46
Q

Entamoeba polecki’s cyst form has several _____ _____ with _____ ends

A

chromatoid bodies

pointed

47
Q

for prevention of amebiasis, handwashing should be practiced, as with washing fruits/veggies with ______

A

detergents

48
Q

amebiasis may possibly be transmitted via _____ contact, where if there are ____ lesions involved, they could spread

A

sexual, perianal

49
Q

water treatment for prevention of amebiasis?

A

boiling, iodination (chlorination does not work)

50
Q

treatment for symptomatic amebiasis?

A

metronidazole

51
Q

treatment for asymptomatic amebiasis?

A

iodoquinol, paromomycin, diloxanide furoate (not available in US)

52
Q

Balantidium is unique because it is the ONLY _______ parasite known to infect humans. The reservoir is ____. It does invade the __ _____ but it does not typically go beyond that.

A

ciliated
pigs
GI tract

53
Q

similar to E. histo, balantidium parasites are excreted as ____ and _____, but the ______ does not survive

A

trophozoites, cysts, trophozoites

54
Q

the balatidium ___ is infectious and can contaminate food and water, then it becomes ingested by a human and the cyst forms _____. some of the trophozoites invade the ____ of the colon.

A

cyst, trophozoites, wall

55
Q

balantidium’s nucleus is ____-shaped

A

bean

56
Q

the balantidium trophozoite is considerably large. it is between __ and ___ microns.

A

40-200

57
Q

the balantidium trophozoites also have a _____. this is where nutrients come in.

A

cystome

58
Q

balantidium can form _____ ulcers

A

colonic

MICROM 460 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions