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Aircraft Maintenance Engineering > AME T111 Turbine Engine Operation > Flashcards

AME T111 Turbine Engine Operation Flashcards

1
Q

When the Collective on a Helicopter is pulled up it results in more what being put onto the Blades?

A

More Drag is put onto the Blades.

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2
Q

What is the Governor capable of Increasing or Decreasing in regards to Helicopter Blades?

A

Pitch.

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3
Q

What has to be added to the Gas Producer in order to keep Helicopter Blades moving at the same speed?

A

Fuel

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4
Q

More Fuel is added to the Gas Producer for what purpose in regards to Helicopter Blades?

A

To keep the Helicopter moving at the same rate.

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5
Q

What assists in accomplishing the task of keeping the Helicopter Blades moving at the same rate via adding fuel to the Gas Producer?

A

The N2 Governor.

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6
Q

During normal operation at Flat Pitch on a Helicopter, what percentage of Power is it running at?

A

100% Power.

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7
Q

At Cruise the Helicopter runs at what percentage of Power?

A

93% Power.

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8
Q

The Compressor Section can be run by itself during Turbine Applications, but is limited to what?

A

Idling.

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9
Q

What limitation does the Compressor Section have in regards to running itself?

A

It is limited to only Idling.

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10
Q

What is the biggest limit to Fuel Flow within a Turbine Engine?

A

Temperature.

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11
Q

What do the following abbreviation stand for?

EGT
TOT
ITT

A

EGT: Exhaust Gas Temperature
TOT: Turbine Outlet Temperature
ITT: Inter-Turbine Temperature

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12
Q

Any Deterioration of the Gas Producer Turbine (N1) results in a Decrease in what?

A

N1 Speed

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13
Q

There is a Decrease in N1 Speed when there shouldn’t be, what does this mean for the Compressor?

A

That there has been a Decrease in Compressor Mass.

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14
Q

When there is a Decrease in Compressor Mass, what must compensate for this loss?

A

More Fuel must be added to continue outputting the same Np (Power).

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15
Q

When the Compressor begins to Deteriorate, what does this mean for the N1 Turbine?

A

The N1 Turbine speeds up exponentially.

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16
Q

With Hot Section Deterioration, does each found below decrease of increase?

N1
Fuel Flow
ITT

A

N1: Decreases
Fuel Flow: Increases
ITT: Increases

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17
Q

With Cold Section Deterioration, does each found below decrease or increase?

N1
Fuel Flow
ITT

A

N1: Increases
Fuel Flow: Increases
ITT: Increases

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18
Q 
For Pilot Records each below is recorded:
OAT 
ALT 
Torque 
N1 RPM 
Fuel Flow 
ITT 
Airspeed etc...

What use do these recording have for Mechanics?

A

Allows for Trend Monitoring.

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19
Q

What type of Aircraft is Trend Monitoring meant for?

A

Fixed Wing ONLY.

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20
Q

All the recordings for Trend Monitoring purposes should be taken when the aircraft has been in what state?

A

All should be recorded after the aircraft has experienced at least five minutes of Constant Settings.

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21
Q

Why isn’t Trend Monitoring used for Helicopters?

A

Helicopters do no experience Constant Settings.

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22
Q

What does EICAS stand for?

A

Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System.

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23
Q

What is the general purpose of having an EICAS System?

A

Broadcasts Real Time Engine Monitoring back to the Owner of the Engine.

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24
Q

Without an EICAS System installed on an Aircraft, what are some problems that mechanics run into in regards to Pilots?

A

Pilots may “forget” to inform Mechanics about happenings like Over-Torque and Over-Temping.

25
Q

What is the purpose of a Downgraded EICAS System?

A

This is for Aircraft that don’t qualify for the traditional EICAS System.
It records any problems or happenings that occur.

26
Q

What is used to separate Beta Mode and Alpha Mode?

A

A Control Gate.

27
Q

In regards to Fuel Control:

The Self Sustaining Speed is based on what?

A

The Load that must be supported.

28
Q

In regards to Fuel Control:

If there is no load, at what percentage of power may the engine self sustain?

A

52% Power.

Low Idle

29
Q

In regards to Fuel Control:

If there is a Flight Load, at what percentage may the Engine Self Sustain?

A

73% Power

High Idle

30
Q

What are the five Gauges that must be found within the Cockpit?

A
  • Torque
  • ITT
  • RPM
  • Oil Pressure
  • Oil Temperature
31
Q

When would a Dry Motoring Run be necessary?

A

After a Hung Start or when preparing the Engine for Storage.

32
Q

What kind of Pump is the Boost Pump?

A

A Constant Displacement Pump.

33
Q

What is unique about the Boost Pump regarding its’ Gears?

A

No matter how much Wear occurs at the Gears, the Brass Bushing ensures a working Pump.

34
Q

What do the Brass Bushings rely on to keep the Boost Pump in working order?

A

Fuel Pressure.

35
Q

What would happen to the Brass Bushings in the Boost Pump if the Fuel Pressure should cease to exist?

A

The Bushings would be scored and unusable.

36
Q

What must be done after a Wet Motoring Run is performed?

A

A Dry Motoring Run.

37
Q

What is the General Procedure for Engine Starting?

Three Basic Steps

A
  • Engine Starter Switch in the “On” Position.
  • Engine Oil Pressure
    (Look for an Indication of presence).
  • Put the Ignition Switch in the “On” Position.
38
Q

In regards to Starting the Engine, what caution should be taken with the Gas Generator?

A

Only Start it when the Minimum Percentage of Power is achieved.

39
Q

Why would you only start the Gas Generator when the Minimum Percentage of Power is achieved?

A

Due to the limited availability of Batter Power.

40
Q

On the Engine you are dealing with, there is a Glow Plug System in place…

Minimum Ng Speed has just been reached.

What extra step is included with this type of System before switching on the Glow Plugs?

A

An additional five seconds must pass after Minimum Ng Speed has been reached BEFORE activating the Glow Plugs.

41
Q

Why is it so crucial that an addition five seconds pass before activating the Glow Plugs?

A

Upon Start-Up, the Starter draws an incredibly large amount of Amperage until Counter Electromotive Force (Counter EMF) takes over.

This Amperage must drop-off before this same power is available for the Glow Plugs.

42
Q

For each step in the Starting Sequence, how many Volts & Amps should be expected to be read off of the Battery?

(May want to write each Voltage & Amperage down).

1) Push the Starter for Five Seconds and wait for Ng Speed to reach 12%.
2) Activate Glow Plugs for a Five Second Interval.
3) Move the Fuel Valve and wait for a Ten Second Interval.
4) Allow Acceleration to Idle for a Five Second Interval.

A

1) 22 to 24 Volts; 650 Amps
2) 21 Volts; 650 Amps
3) 18 Volts; 650 Amps
4) 17 Volts; 650 Amps

43
Q

What is a Hung Start?

A

The Engine attempts to start but fails to reach Idle.

44
Q

What are some potential causes of a Hung Start?

There are four

A
  • Cabin Bleed Valve is Open.
  • The Compressor Bleed Valve is Closed.
  • Intake or Exhaust Plugs are let into the Engine.
  • The Engine Start was attempted in a Tail Wind.
    (This is the most common).
45
Q

What is a Hot Start?

A

Temperatures within the Engine go over the acceptable limits.

46
Q

What are some causes for a Hot Start?

There are three

A
  • Plugged Drain Valves.
  • Low Ng Speed.
    Fuel is lit off before reaching the Minimum Ng Power Percentage.
  • Starting while experiencing a Tail Wind.
47
Q

What is the general procedure for an Engine Shut-Down?

HINTS:
Power Control Lever is set to ___.

The Engine must ___ for a minimum of ___ ___ at the minimum obtainable ___.

The Generator should be ___ and the Cabin Bleed Valve should be ___.

ITT Air must be allowed to ___ otherwise the Shroud Assembly would ___.

Propeller Control Lever: \_\_\_ 
Fuel Condition Lever: \_\_\_ 
Fuel Boost Pump: \_\_\_
Fuel Shut-Off Switch: \_\_\_ 
Engine Master Switch: \_\_\_
A

Set the Power Control Lever to Idle.

  • Allow the Engine to stabilize for a Minimum of One Minute at the Minimum obtainable ITT.
  • The Generator should be off and the Cabin Bleed Valve should be closed.
  • ITT Air must be allowed to Cool otherwise the Shroud Assembly would seize.
Propeller Control Lever: Cut Off 
Fuel Condition Lever: Cut Off 
Fuel Boost Pump: Off
Fuel Shut-Off Switch: Closed 
Engine Master Switch: Off
48
Q

Post Shutdown Checks…

What do you check Oil & Fuel Lines for?

Check the Engine Oil Level within what amount of time?

Check all Engine Mounted Accessories and Linkages for what two things?

Check the Oil to Fuel Heater within waht amount of time after Engine Shutdown?

What two things are you checking the Oil to Fuel Heater for?

A

Oil and Fuel Lines are checked for Leaks.

Check the Engine Oil Level within 10 Minutes.

Check Engine Mounted Accessories and Linkages for Security and Mounting.

Oil to Fuel Heater is checked within 15 Minutes following Shutdown.

Three things Oil to Fuel Heater is checked for:
1. High Operating Temperatures.

  1. Heater Fuel Outlet or Fuel pump Filter cover with a Temperature of what the Manual Specifies.
49
Q

ITT Harnesses

What happens when a Probe burns out due to Corrosion?

A

More Resistance is felt within the Harness which indicates a Lower Temperature Reading than what is actually occurring.

50
Q

ITT Harnesses

When a Probe burns out due to Corrosion, what is used to determine WHEN it stopped working?

A

Trend Monitoring is the optimal source in this situation…

if the Aircraft is equipped with it.

51
Q

What are the Limits for Take-Off Power?

A

Turbine Temperature
Torque (On Cold Days).
N1 RPM (Limited at Altitude especially).

52
Q

Turbine Temperature Sensors

If Corrosion developes on Connections, what happens to the displayed temperature reading?

A Probe burns out, what happens to the displayed temperature reading?

A

Corrosion developes: Temperature Reading Decreases.

Probe Burns Out: Temperature Reading Decreases.

53
Q

What are some causes of Over-Torque?

A

Usually an Emergency.

54
Q

In regards to Over-Torque:

What constitutes an Emergency?

A

Attempting to avoid Land (like a mountain).

An inability to Land due to Wildlife Dangers (like the presence of a Grizzly Bear).

Essentially, attempting to avoid Collision and Confrontation.

55
Q

Fuel Control Unit (FCU) Adjustments

When are Maximum Ng Speeds hit?

A

Max. Ng Speeds: At Altitude.

56
Q

Fuel Control Unit (FCU) Adjustments

Part Power Trim Stop:

Where is the Usual Stop Located?
(In percentage of power).

The Part Power Stop is located at what Percentage of Power?

To adjust the Maximum Ng Speeds at Atltitude while on the ground, what is used to Limit the Power?

Why would you want to Limit the Power?

A

Usual Stop Location: 101.5% of Power

Part Power Trim Stop Location: 97.1% of Power

The part Power Trim Stop is used to Limit the Power.

Limiting the amount of Power Simulates condition at Altitude.

57
Q

Fuel Control Unit (FCU) Adjustments

Minimum Governing Speed or Low Idle is also referred to as what?

Low Idle located at what Percentage of Power?

A

Referred to as: Ground Idle.

Low Idle is located at 52% Power.

58
Q

Ground Idle

What happens if Ground Idle is set too Slow?

At Low Density Altitudes more Fuel is required than what is provided when?

In higher Density Altitudes the answer to the question above is needed.

  • At a certain point, even less Fuel would be needed… how is this accomplished? What is the result?
A

Ground Idle is set too Slow: The Engine would not Self-Sustain.

Low Density Altitudes means more Fuel is required than what is provided during Minimum Flow.

In Higher Density Altitudes Minimum Flow is needed.

  • At a certain point, even less Fuel would be needed…
    this is not possible RESULTING in an Engine that is running at Above Idle Speeds.

Aircraft Maintenance Engineering (12 decks)

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