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Aircraft Maintenance Engineering > AME T109 Reciprocating Engine Theory (Part One) > Flashcards

AME T109 Reciprocating Engine Theory (Part One) Flashcards

1
Q

What is efficient about the Radial Engine?

What is inefficient?

A

Efficient: The Overall Engine Design.

Inefficient: It is Bulky and not Aerodynami.

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2
Q

What are the six Reciprocating Engine Designs?

A

1) Radial / Rotary
2) Horizontal
3) Inline
4) V-Type
5) W-Type
6) “H” Block

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3
Q

What are the two different versions of the Inline Engine Design?

A

Inverted and Un-inverted.

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4
Q

What is the method of cooling used on a Horizontally Opposed Engine?

A

Air Cooling

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5
Q

What is the downfall of the Horizontally Opposed Engine?

A

It has a limited frontal area.

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6
Q

What are the two methods used to cool an engine?

A

Air Cooling and Liquid Cooling

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7
Q

What does each letter identify on engines?

G:
T:
S:
R:
V: 
L:
H:
A:
O:
I:
A 
G: Gear Reduction 
T: Turbo Charged 
S: Supercharged
R: Radial
V: V-Type
L: Left-Hand Rotation 
H: Horizontally Mounted 
(For Helicopters)
A: Aeobatic Modified Engine
O: Opposed 
I: Injected
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8
Q

What five things must be found on an Engine Data Plate?

A

1) Manufacturer
2) Model Number
3) Serial Number
4) Type Certificate Number
5) Power Rating

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9
Q

What is the downfall of the Inline Style Engine?

A

Has a lower frontal area.

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10
Q

What is the downfall of the Horizontally Opposed Engine?

What is an advantage?

A

Downfall: Has a lower frontal area.

Advantage: Runs and operates smoothly.

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11
Q

What is special about a Radial engine in regards to power / weight ratio?

In regards to cooling?

A

It has the highest power / weight ratio of all engines.

Has very even cooling.

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12
Q

How do cooling fins work to reduce engine heat?

What kind of engines utilize cooling fins?

A

They increase surface area and disperse heat.

Air cooled engines use cooling fins.

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13
Q

How else is an internal combustion engine referred to?

A

It is also known as the Heat Engine.

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14
Q

What three principles is Engine Efficiency based on?

A

1) Efficiency
2) Weight
3) Power

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15
Q

Explain Volumetric Efficiency.

A

Refers to the volume that can be contained within the piston cavity.

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16
Q

Explain Mechanical Efficiency.

A

This is how much Horsepower (Hp) can be generated.

Or, how much energy is spent through the generation of more Hp.

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17
Q

Explain Thermal Efficiency.

A

This is how much energy is being wasted through the creation of heat / exhaust.

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18
Q

What are the four key components to an Engine?

The main power making components

A

Cylinder
Piston
Connecting Rod
Crankshaft

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19
Q

What is the job of the Valve Train in regards to the cylinder?

A

Its job is to pull air into the cylinder.

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20
Q

What are the four strokes of a typical reciprocating engine?

A

1) Intake
2) Compression
3) Combustion
4) Exhaust

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21
Q

The four strokes occur in how many crankshaft revolutions?

A

Two.

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22
Q

What is the third stroke of a typical reciprocating engine also known as?

A

The Power Stroke.

23
Q

What does the following abbreviation stand for?
TDC:
BDC:

A

TDC: Top Dead Center
BDC: Bottom Dead Center

24
Q

What is the purpose of the intake stroke?

A

Pulling a mixture of fuel and air is pulled into the cylinder.

25
Q

What is the purpose of the compression stroke?

A

The air and fuel is put under pressure.

26
Q

What is the purpose of ignition of the fuel / air mixture in the cylinder?
(Also known as the Combustion Stroke).

A

This is what creates power.

The compressed gases are ignited.

27
Q

What occurs during the Exhaust Stroke?

A

The residue gases from ignition are left behind and are pushed out of the cylinder.

28
Q

What does the term “Valve Overlap” mean?

When does this occur?

A

Both the intake and exhaust valves are open.

Occurs during the Exhaust and Intake strokes.

29
Q

What two things occur at 75 Degrees TDC?

A

The maximum piston speed is reached.

The maximum amount of gas flow is achieved.

30
Q

What occurs at 55 Degrees BDC?

A

This is the beginning of the Compression Stroke.

31
Q

What occurs at 25 Degrees TDC?

A

Gases within the cylinder are ignited.

This is when combustion occurs.

32
Q

On Naturally Aspirated Engines, where is air pulled from and then exhausted to?

A

It is pulled from outside through a filter.

Once the four strokes occur, this air is sent back outside.

33
Q

In regards to mathematics and reciprocating engines, what does each letter stand for?

F:
A:
P:
W:
D:
A 
F: Force 
A: Area 
P: Pressure within the Cylinder.
W: Work
D: Distance or Length
34
Q

What is the mathematic equation for:

Force:
Area:
Work: (There are two versions).

A

Force: A x P
Area: πr²
Work: P x L x A or F x D

35
Q

What does the abbreviation “IMEP” stand for?

A

Indicated Mean Effective Pressure.

36
Q

What occurs at 45 Degrees before BDC?

A

The piston is slowing.

37
Q

What is the PLANK formula?

A

Hp = PLANK / 33 000

38
Q

What does each letter stand for in the PLANK formula?

A 
P: MEP
L: Length of Stroke (in Ft.) 
A: Area of Cylinder 
N: Number of Power Strokes per Minute ( RPM / 2) 
K: Number of Cylinders
39
Q

What does each stand for?

IHp:
BHp:
FHp:

A

IHp: Indicated Hp
BHp: Brake Hp
FHp: Friction Hp

40
Q

What is the mathematic equation for Friction Hp?

A

FHp = IHp - BHp

41
Q

What is the equation for Mechanical Efficiency?

A

Mechanical Efficiency: BHp / IHp

42
Q

What is the equation for Specific Fuel Consumption?

A 
      Horsepower
43
Q

If you divide inches per pound by twelve to get what?

A

Inches per Foot.

44
Q

What does early ignition within a reciprocating engine result in?
(Two things)

A

A power decrease.

A temperature increase.

45
Q

What does late ignition within a reciprocating engine result in?

A

A power decrease.

46
Q

What are some variables that effect Volumetric Efficiency?

A 
Outside Air Temperature 
Cylinder Head Temperature 
Scavenging 
Changes in Altitude 
INduction Friction 
Valve Timing 
The Throttle Valve
47
Q

In regards to Mechanical Efficiency:
What is the maximm efficiency rating of an engine?
(A Percentage)

How else could this be expressed?

A

Engines have a 90% Efficiency Rating Maximum.

Could also be expressed as the IHp : BHp Ratio.

48
Q

What does BSFC Stand for?

Explain what BSFC is.

A

BSFC: Brake Specific Fuel Consumption

BSFC is how much fuel is used compared to how much power is produced.

49
Q

At what ratio of Air / Fuel mixture does Fuel Burn Out occur?

What is the ideal Air / Fuel mixture?

A

8: 1 to 18:1 with oxygen.
15: 1 BY WEIGHT

50
Q

What is the Air / Fuel Ratio Full Rich utilized for?

What is the ratio for the Full Rich condition?

A

This is for full power applications. (Such as Take-Off).

It is an 8:1 Ratio.

51
Q

What is the Air / Fuel Ratio Best Power utilized for?

A

High Speed Cruise.

52
Q

What is the Air / Fuel Ratio Economy used for?

A

This ratio is used during slow cruise.

53
Q

What is the Air / Fuel Ratio Idle Cut-Off used for?

A

This is solely for Engine Shut-Down.

Aircraft Maintenance Engineering (12 decks)

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