AME T 101 Theory of Flight - Fixed Wing (Part 1) Flashcards
To retain all the information contained in this deck.
What are the three Axis of flight?
Longitudinal Axis
Vertical Axis
Lateral Axis
Movement along the Longitudinal Axis is called what?
Roll
Movement along the Vertical Axis is called what?
Yaw
Movement along the Lateral Axis is called what?
Pitch
What are Leading Edge Flaps designed to do?
To allow continuous stream of laminar air to flow.
What would happen if a wings boundary layer of air were allowed to become turbulent?
The wing would be incapable of generating lift.
What is the purpose of a balance tab?
This tab balances the forces put on a pilot’s controls.
At high speeds, what two control surfaces have to be disconnected?
The Outboard and Inboard Ailerons.
On an Aircraft with both Outboard and Inboard Ailerons, which would be used at high speed?
The Inboard Ailerons.
Why is it necessary to use all Ailerin surfaces at slow speeds?
Less lift is generated from wing surfaces at slow speeds meaning that a larger surface is required to keep the aircraft airborne.
What determines whether the Upper or Lower Rudder is used?
Speed of the Aircraft.
What is the purpose for having Outboard and Inboard Ailerons Flaps?
These increase the camber of the wing.
Why would the pilot want to increase the camber of the wing?
To increase the lift generated from a wing at slower speeds.
Spoilers are equipped on aircraft for what reason?
To spoil the lift of a wing when landing.
Anti-Balance Tabs do what?
Increase the effectiveness of a control surface.
Why are Aircraft built with redundancy of certain systems?
If one system were to fail, the plane could continue flying until landing is possible.
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
What is mass?
Mass is the amount of matter within an object.
Gravity is NOT a factor.
What are the three states of Matter?
Solid, Liquid, or Gas.
What is density?
The amount of material per unit column.
What is energy?
The capacity of an object to do work.
What are the two types of energy?
Potential and Kinetic.
What is potential energy?
This is stored energy.
Example: A coiled spring.
What is Kinetic Energy?
This is the energy of motion.
Example: Velocity, Motion, or Fluid Flow.
What is heat?
It is a materials internal kinetic energy.
How is heat energy created?
Through matter’s change in state.
What are the methods of heat transferral?
Conduction (Physical Contact), Convection (movement of heated fluid), and Radiation (energy radiating from something).
What are Flaperons?
Flaperons are the combination of Flaps and Ailerons.
Ailerons are still permitted to move.
What is temperature the measurement of?
It is the measurement of the Kinetic Energy of Molecules.
The term for the Energy of motion is what?
Temperature.
Name a few scales used to measure temperature?
Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
What force is omnidirectional or all directional force of motion per unit area?
Pressure
What is PSI Absolute?
Absolute; meaning that Pressure is being referenced from zero.
An Aircraft that flies above 18 000 Ft. sets the Pressure gauge to what?
Why is it set to this Pressure?
29.92.
It is set to 29.92 so that all aircraft flying above 18 000 Ft. are referencing themselves from the same point.
A PSI Gauge referenced from what?
From something.
This may be another gauge or similar.
PSI Differential measures pressure from where?
This device measures the pressure right next to the Aircraft’s Skin.
It also measures Pilot Tube Pressure in order to compare both and provide the Pilot with the Aircraft’s Speed.
In a comfined space, Boyle’s Law says that if Temperature is held Constant…
Pressure will _______
Volume will _______
Pressure will Increase.
Volume will Increase.
In a comfined space, Charle’s Law says the if pressure is held constant…
Gas Temperature will _____
Volume will _____
Temperature will Increase.
Volume will Increase.
ICAO stands for what?
International Civil Aviation Organization.
Sea Level Standard Day is defined as…
Temperature
Celsius & Fahrenheit
Pressure
PSI, Mercury, & Millibars
Humidity is _______
Temperature
Celsius: 15 Degrees
Fahrenheit: 59 Degrees
Pressure
- 69 PSI
- 92 Hg
- 2 Millibars
Humidity
Dry Air
As Altitude increases, Pressure ______
Decreases
What is the Standard Pressure Lapse Rate?
1 Inch per every 1000 Ft.
As Altitude increases, Temperature _____
Decreases
Standard Temperature Lapse rate is what in…
Celsius & Fahrenheit
Celsius: Two Degrees per every 1000 Ft.
Fahrenheit: 3.5 Degrees per every 1000 Ft.
What are the four different measurements of Altitude?
True
Pressure
Indicated
& Density Altitude.
Define True Altitude.
The actual height above Sea Level.
Expressed in Ft. above Sea Level.
Define Pressure Altitude.
The height above sea level based on Standard Pressure.
Define Indicated Altitude.
The Altimeter reads the height above Mean Sea Level when the Local Barometric Pressure is set within the barometric window.
Provides terrain clearance below 18 000 Ft.
Define Density Altitude.
The height above Sea Level based on Standard Pressure and then corrected for non-standard Temperature Ratings.
What you and the Aircraft feels as though they are at. .
The atmosphere is primarily composed of what elements / molecules?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Argon.
What are the four Influential Elements / Molecules within the atmosphere.
(Are not the Primary Molecules).
Water
Ozone
Carbon Dioxide.
Define Absolute Humidity.
This is the actual amount of water vapour in the air?
Define Relative Humidity.
The amount of water vapour in the air.
_______OVER_______
The amount of water vapour the air could hold at ambient temperature.
Define Dewpoint.
This is the temperature at which air is saturated.
100% Humidity
True or False.
Higher temperatures hold less humidity.
False.
True or False.
Higher temperatures hold more humidity.
True.
True or False.
Cold Air can hold as much moisture as hot air.
False.
True or False.
Cold Air cannot hold as much moisture as hot air.
True.
What are the four forces of flight?
Lift
Weight
Forward Thrust
Drag
As Velocity Increases, Pressure and Temperature ______.
Decrease.
Bernoulli’s Principle claims that there is a direct relationship between what two kinds of energy?
Kinetic and Potential Energy.
What is the Wing’s Chord?
This is the imaginary line between the leading edge and the trailing edge?
The Angle of Attack is the angle between what two things?
The relative wind and chord line.
Define Upwash.
The deflection of the oncoming airstream upward over the wing.
What is the Leading Edge?
This is the part of the airfoil that meets airflow first.
What is the Trailing Edge?
The portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface joins the lower surface airflow.
Define Downwash.
The downward deflection of the airstream as it passes throught the air.
Downwash is what generates lift.
What is another name for Wingtip Vortices?
Wake Turbulance.
What is Wake Turbulance?
A tiny horizontal tornado that occurs at the wingtip of the plane.
What causes Wingtip Vortices?
The air on the bottom of the plane wants to rush to the top at the wingtip.
High Pressure below comes up to the Low Pressure above.
What happens when Critical Angle of Attack is hit?
The Aicraft loses laminar airflow and the wing stalls.
The plane falls out of the sky.
What causes a stall?
Critical Angle of Attack is hit, laminar airflow separates from the upper wing surfaces.
Pressure rises above the airfoil and lift is lost.
Where does the separation start on a wing when a stall occurs?
It starts at the Trailing Edge.
How is the pilot alerted of an approaching stall?
There is a stall warning tab locatied on the wings that when approaching a stall, will move and sound an alarm.
Define the Angle of Incidence.
This is the Angle of Attack built into the wing when sitting naturally on the ground.
Define Planform.
Planform is the shape of a Aircraft’s Wing.
