Amblyopia

Question 1

Unilateral or less commonly, bilateral
reduction of best corrected visual acuity that
can not be attributed directly to the effect of
any structural abnormality of the eye or the
posterior visual pathway. Defect of central
vision.

Answer 1

Amblyopia

Question 2

The most common form of amblyopia

Answer 2

Strabismic Amblyopia

Question 3

Result from competitive or inhibitory interaction between neurons carrying the nonfusible inputs from the two eyes.

Answer 3

Strabismic Amblyopia

Question 4

Second in frequency

Answer 4

Anisometropic Amblyopia

Question 5

It develops when unequal refractive error in the two eyes causes the image on the one retina to be chronically defocused.

Answer 5

Anisometropic Amblyopia

Question 6

(1-2D) 🡺 mild amblyopia

Answer 6

Mild hyperopic or astigmatic anisometropia

Question 7

(less than -3D) usually doesn’t cause amblyopia

Answer 7

Mild myopia anisometropia

Question 8

(-6D) 🡺 severe amblyopia visual loss.

Answer 8

Unilateral high myopia

Question 9

Result from large, approximately equal, uncorrected refractive error in both eyes of a young child.

Answer 9

Isometropic amblyopia

Question 10

Hyperopia exceeding 5D & myopia excess of

10 D 🡺 risk🡺____________.

Answer 10

Bilateral amblyopia

Question 11

Uncorrected bilateral astigmatism in early childhood may result in loss of resolving ability limited to chronically blurred meridians.

Answer 11

Meridional amblyopia

Question 12

It is usually caused by congenital or early acquired media opacity.

Answer 12

Stimulus Deprivation Amblyopia

Question 13

In bilateral cases acuity can be _______ or worse.

Answer 13

20/200

Question 14

This form of amblyopia is the least common but most damaging and difficult to treat.

Answer 14

Stimulus Deprivation Amblyopia

Question 15

May cause mild to moderate amblyopia or may have

no effect on visual development.

Answer 15

Small polar cataracts & lamellar cataracts

Question 16

A form of deprivation caused by excessive therapeutic patching.

Answer 16

Occlusion amblyopia

Question 17

A test for estimating the relative level of vision in the two eyes for children with strabismus who are under the age of about 3.

Answer 17

Binocular fixation pattern

Question 18

Quite sensitive for detecting amblyopia but results can be falsely positive.

Answer 18

Binocular fixation pattern

Question 19

The modified Snellen technique directly measures acuity in children 3-6 years old.

Answer 19

Binocular fixation pattern

Question 20

Allow the examiner to test the crowding phenomenon with isolated optotype. Bar surrounding the optotype mimic the full optotype to the amblyopic child.

Answer 20

Crowding bar, or contour interaction bars

Question 21

Defined as occlusion for all or all but one waking

hour.

Answer 21

Full time occlusion of the sound eye

Question 22

It is the most powerful means of treating of amblyopia by enforced use of the defective eye.

Answer 22

Full time occlusion of the sound eye

Question 23

Defined as occlusion for 1-6 hours per day.

Answer 23

Part-time occlusion

Question 24

This form of treatment has recently been demonstrated to be as effective as patching for mild to moderate amblyopia.

Answer 24

Penalization

Question 25

Carries the greatest risk of this complication and requires close monitoring, especially in the younger child.

Answer 25

Full time occlusion