Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction

Question 1

Occurs when the amplitude of accommodation (AA) is lower than the expected AA for the patient’s age and is not due to sclerosis of the crystalline lens.

Answer 1

ACCOMMODATIVE INSUFFICIENCY

Question 2

It is a condition in which the AA is normal, but fatigue occurs with repeated accommodative stimulation.

Answer 2

ILL-SUSTAINED ACCOMMODATION

Question 3

Also called as accommodative inertia

Answer 3

ACCOMMODATIVE INFACILITY

Question 4

It occurs when the accommodative system is slow in making a change, or when there is a considerable lag between the stimulus to accommodation and the accommodative response.

Answer 4

ACCOMMODATIVE INFACILITY

Question 5

A rare condition in which the accommodative system fails to respond to any stimulus.

Answer 5

PARALYSIS OF ACCOMMODATION

Question 6

It is the result of overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 6

SPASM OF ACCOMMODATION

Question 7

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at near greater than the far deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 7

CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY

Question 8

It is sometimes part of a triad (overaccommodation,

overconvergence and miotic pupils) known as _________.

Answer 8

SPASM OF NEAR REFLEX (SNR)

Question 9

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at far greater than the near deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 9

DIVERGENCE EXCESS

Question 10

Patient with ____________ has a deviation of similar

magnitude at both distance and near or if the difference between the far and near exophoria is below 10PD.

Answer 10

BASIC EXOPHORIA

Question 11

Can be described as esophoria or esotropia at near greater than the far deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 11

CONVERGENCE EXCESS

Question 12

Can be described as esophoria or esotropia at far greater than the near deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 12

DIVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY

Question 13

In a patient with _____________, tonic esophoria is high when measured at distance but less at near.

Answer 13

DIVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY

Question 14

If the difference between the distance and near esophoria is below 10PD.

Answer 14

BASIC ESOPHORIA

Question 15

Patients with _________ has high tonic esophoria at distance, a similar degree of esophoria at near, and a normal AC/A ratio.

Answer 15

BASIC ESOPHORIA

Question 16

Patients with ________________ often have normal phorias and AC/A ratios but reduced fusional vergence amplitudes.

Answer 16

FUSIONAL VERGENCE DYSFUNCTION

Question 17

May be either comitant and idiopathic or noncomitant, due to muscle paresis or other mechanical cause.

Answer 17

VERTICAL HETEROPHORIAS

Question 18

One of he most common causes of newly acquired vertical diplopia or asthenopia with vertical deviation is longstanding, decompensated, fourth nerve palsy, which results in superior oblique paresis.

Answer 18

VERTICAL HETEROPHORIAS

Question 19

These patients demonstrate a hyperphoria in primary gaze that is initially greatest during depression and adduction of the affected eye.

Answer 19

VERTICAL HETEROPHORIAS

Question 20

Has different phorias in far and near.

Answer 20

MIXED PHORIA