Amateurism And Professionalism

Question 1

Amateur definition

Answer 1

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain

Question 2

Professional definition

Answer 2

A person who plays sport for the financial gain

Question 3

Values of ‘amateurism’ in late 19th century

Answer 3

• ‘Manliness’, robustness, striving and physical behaviour
• Appreciating the value of health and fitness
• appreciating the value of rule-regulated activity
• high-moral integrity

Question 4

What’s a ‘Gentleman Amateur’ ?

Answer 4

A respected member of society
Public school background
Social,elite,wealthy
Training was frowned upon, only should play the sport for the love of it
Plays a range of sport- to a high moral code (accepts rule)

Question 5

Positive impacts of amateurism

Answer 5

• hold higher status than professionals
• code of ethic (fair play, sportsmanship etc.)
• code of amateurism (clearly set to rules)
• belonging to a social elite

Question 6

Modern day amateurs

Answer 6

• tend to be lower status
• some high level performers are still not professional
• performance at the top level in most sports is now open to all
• some amateurs receive financial backing for training expenses

Question 7

Positives of modern day amateurism

Answer 7

• Code of amateurism are still evident in British sport e.g. fair play and sportsmanship
• Still viewed positively promoted by shaking hand prior and after contests or fair play awards in football
• Rugby call refs ‘sir’

Question 8

Modern-day professionalism

Answer 8

• all classes can compete
• people respected for talent
• high rewards from media and sponsors
• more time to train
• celebrity status
• creates positive role models
• more spectators attend matches

Question 9

Positive impacts of nineteenth-century professionalism on sport development (3)

Answer 9

• working class could play sport and receive payments for doing so
• standards of performance improved due to wages
• determination to succeed e.g. from high rewards at stake

Question 10

4 features of early twentieth-century amateurs

Answer 10

• high status
• controllers of sport
• top performers
• highly moral

Question 11

4 key features of modern-day amateurs

Answer 11

• tend to be of lower status
• some high-level performers are still not professional
• performance at top level is open to all
• some amateurs receive finance to pay for training expenses

Question 12

Positives of modern-day amateurism (3)

Answer 12

• code of amateurism still visible in British sport e.g. fair play
• still viewed positively e.g. handshakes prior and end of games
• ‘sir’ in rugby (maintained amateurism)

Question 13

4 key features of modern-day professionalism

Answer 13

• all classes can compete
• people respected for talent rather than class
• high rewards
• positive role models

Question 14

Reasons to explain growth and development in association football (7)

Answer 14

• Urbanisation
• more free time
• more disposable income
• improved transport
• increased professionalism
• social class links
• increased organisation