AM L6 Hepatitis

Question 1

Functions of the liver (5)

Answer 1

Synth bile salts
Secrete bicarb
Clotting factors
Synth plasma proteins
Metabolism (including chol)

Question 2

Types of Hep (7)

Answer 2

Alcoholic
Viral
Drug induced
Metabolic
Obstructive
Autoimmune
Ischemic

Question 3

Hep C is transmitted by

Answer 3

Blood

Question 4

Hep V causes ….% of liver cancer

Answer 4

60%

Question 5

60% of Hep C is transmitted via

Answer 5

IV drug use

Question 6

Incubation period of Hep C

Answer 6

15-150days

Question 7

….% of patients with chronic hep C get cirrhosis

Answer 7

80%

Question 8

Hep C has few symtoms: (2)

Answer 8

malaise or fatigue

jaundice

Question 9

HCV is composed of

Answer 9

single stranded RNA
in a nucleocapsid
in an envelope

Question 10

How does HCV attach? (3)

Answer 10

Claudin 1
Scavenger B1
CB81

Question 11

After HCV attachment what happens? (4)

Answer 11

Engulfment
Replication
Viral assembly
Budding

Question 12

Viral gylcopeptides on the envelope that are essential for entry of HCV (2)

Answer 12

E1 and E2

Question 13

2 Drugs used for HCV

Answer 13

Pegylated interferon

Ribavirin

Question 14

Ribavirin is a ….

Answer 14

oral neucloside

Question 15

Peginterferon works by

Answer 15

anti-viral
anti-proliferative
immune modualtion

Question 16

How do NRRI work?

Answer 16

Forced stop nucleotide which ends RNA replication

Question 17

First NRRI in clinical trials?

Answer 17

Valopicitabine

Question 18

Can we use NRRI with
Pegylated interferon
OR Ribavirin

Answer 18

Peg-IFN -Yes

Ribavirin - No (antagonised the antiviral effects)

Question 19

NNRRI interact with

Answer 19

NRRI catalytic sight (at a number or allosteric sites)

Question 20

NNRRIs may be (3) types

Answer 20

RNA aptamers
Small molecule inhibitors
Peptidomimetic inhibitors

Question 21

e.g. of NNRRI….

and can it be used with PEGinterferon and ribavirin?

Answer 21

Telaprevir

Yes

Question 22

Hep A is transmitted by

Answer 22

contaminated food and water

Question 23

Main ways to combat hep A (2)

Answer 23

better sanitation and vaccines

Question 24

Hep E is transmitted

Answer 24

faecal-orally

waterborne disease

Question 25

which type of Hep is uncommon in children?

Answer 25

E (infection common but usually asymptomatic)

Question 26

Risk of cirrhosis in alcoholic hep increases with

Answer 26

amount of alcohol ingested daily

Question 27

Symptoms of alcoholic hep

Answer 27

Rapid onset jaundice
fever, ascites, proximal muscle loss,
enlarged liver

Question 28

Alcoholic hep occurs due to… (2)

Answer 28

buildup of NADH which inhibits gluconeogenesis
and
buildup of lactate which causes acidosis and hypoglycemia

Question 29

How is NADH produced in alcoholic hep?

Answer 29

Alcohol dehrdrogenase produces NADH from NAD+ when converting
Ethanol -> Acetaldehyde

Question 30

How does alcohol lead to fatty liver?

Answer 30

In health person NADH produced from fatty acid oxidation.

Therefore if NADH produced from alcohol = fatty acide build up

Question 31

Cirrhosis is ….

Answer 31

fibrosis and scarring

Question 32

What happens as a result of cirrhosis?

Answer 32

unable to convert ammonia into urea

ammonia levels rise