AM L6 Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the liver (5)

A
Synth bile salts
Secrete bicarb
Clotting factors
Synth plasma proteins
Metabolism (including chol)
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2
Q

Types of Hep (7)

A
Alcoholic
Viral
Drug induced
Metabolic
Obstructive
Autoimmune
Ischemic
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3
Q

Hep C is transmitted by

A

Blood

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4
Q

Hep V causes ….% of liver cancer

A

60%

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5
Q

60% of Hep C is transmitted via

A

IV drug use

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6
Q

Incubation period of Hep C

A

15-150days

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7
Q

….% of patients with chronic hep C get cirrhosis

A

80%

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8
Q

Hep C has few symtoms: (2)

A

malaise or fatigue

jaundice

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9
Q

HCV is composed of

A

single stranded RNA
in a nucleocapsid
in an envelope

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10
Q

How does HCV attach? (3)

A

Claudin 1
Scavenger B1
CB81

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11
Q

After HCV attachment what happens? (4)

A

Engulfment
Replication
Viral assembly
Budding

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12
Q

Viral gylcopeptides on the envelope that are essential for entry of HCV (2)

A

E1 and E2

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13
Q

2 Drugs used for HCV

A

Pegylated interferon

Ribavirin

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14
Q

Ribavirin is a ….

A

oral neucloside

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15
Q

Peginterferon works by

A

anti-viral
anti-proliferative
immune modualtion

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16
Q

How do NRRI work?

A

Forced stop nucleotide which ends RNA replication

17
Q

First NRRI in clinical trials?

A

Valopicitabine

18
Q

Can we use NRRI with
Pegylated interferon
OR Ribavirin

A

Peg-IFN -Yes

Ribavirin - No (antagonised the antiviral effects)

19
Q

NNRRI interact with

A

NRRI catalytic sight (at a number or allosteric sites)

20
Q

NNRRIs may be (3) types

A

RNA aptamers
Small molecule inhibitors
Peptidomimetic inhibitors

21
Q

e.g. of NNRRI….

and can it be used with PEGinterferon and ribavirin?

A

Telaprevir

Yes

22
Q

Hep A is transmitted by

A

contaminated food and water

23
Q

Main ways to combat hep A (2)

A

better sanitation and vaccines

24
Q

Hep E is transmitted

A

faecal-orally

waterborne disease

25
which type of Hep is uncommon in children?
E (infection common but usually asymptomatic)
26
Risk of cirrhosis in alcoholic hep increases with
amount of alcohol ingested daily
27
Symptoms of alcoholic hep
Rapid onset jaundice fever, ascites, proximal muscle loss, enlarged liver
28
Alcoholic hep occurs due to... (2)
buildup of NADH which inhibits gluconeogenesis and buildup of lactate which causes acidosis and hypoglycemia
29
How is NADH produced in alcoholic hep?
Alcohol dehrdrogenase produces NADH from NAD+ when converting Ethanol -> Acetaldehyde
30
How does alcohol lead to fatty liver?
In health person NADH produced from fatty acid oxidation. | Therefore if NADH produced from alcohol = fatty acide build up
31
Cirrhosis is ....
fibrosis and scarring
32
What happens as a result of cirrhosis?
unable to convert ammonia into urea | ammonia levels rise