AM L6 Hepatitis Flashcards
Functions of the liver (5)
Synth bile salts Secrete bicarb Clotting factors Synth plasma proteins Metabolism (including chol)
Types of Hep (7)
Alcoholic Viral Drug induced Metabolic Obstructive Autoimmune Ischemic
Hep C is transmitted by
Blood
Hep V causes ….% of liver cancer
60%
60% of Hep C is transmitted via
IV drug use
Incubation period of Hep C
15-150days
….% of patients with chronic hep C get cirrhosis
80%
Hep C has few symtoms: (2)
malaise or fatigue
jaundice
HCV is composed of
single stranded RNA
in a nucleocapsid
in an envelope
How does HCV attach? (3)
Claudin 1
Scavenger B1
CB81
After HCV attachment what happens? (4)
Engulfment
Replication
Viral assembly
Budding
Viral gylcopeptides on the envelope that are essential for entry of HCV (2)
E1 and E2
2 Drugs used for HCV
Pegylated interferon
Ribavirin
Ribavirin is a ….
oral neucloside
Peginterferon works by
anti-viral
anti-proliferative
immune modualtion
How do NRRI work?
Forced stop nucleotide which ends RNA replication
First NRRI in clinical trials?
Valopicitabine
Can we use NRRI with
Pegylated interferon
OR Ribavirin
Peg-IFN -Yes
Ribavirin - No (antagonised the antiviral effects)
NNRRI interact with
NRRI catalytic sight (at a number or allosteric sites)
NNRRIs may be (3) types
RNA aptamers
Small molecule inhibitors
Peptidomimetic inhibitors
e.g. of NNRRI….
and can it be used with PEGinterferon and ribavirin?
Telaprevir
Yes
Hep A is transmitted by
contaminated food and water
Main ways to combat hep A (2)
better sanitation and vaccines
Hep E is transmitted
faecal-orally
waterborne disease
which type of Hep is uncommon in children?
E (infection common but usually asymptomatic)
Risk of cirrhosis in alcoholic hep increases with
amount of alcohol ingested daily
Symptoms of alcoholic hep
Rapid onset jaundice
fever, ascites, proximal muscle loss,
enlarged liver
Alcoholic hep occurs due to… (2)
buildup of NADH which inhibits gluconeogenesis
and
buildup of lactate which causes acidosis and hypoglycemia
How is NADH produced in alcoholic hep?
Alcohol dehrdrogenase produces NADH from NAD+ when converting
Ethanol -> Acetaldehyde
How does alcohol lead to fatty liver?
In health person NADH produced from fatty acid oxidation.
Therefore if NADH produced from alcohol = fatty acide build up
Cirrhosis is ….
fibrosis and scarring
What happens as a result of cirrhosis?
unable to convert ammonia into urea
ammonia levels rise
