Altitude and Exercise Flashcards

Question

What causes the production of 2.3 BPG?

Answer 1

2, 3- DIphosphoglycerate: - with. lower partial pressure of O2 and lower pressure of O2 inspired, you get INCREASED 2,3 DPG (or 2,3 BPG) 1. Increased synthesis of 2,3 DPG by red blood cells - This shifts Oyhemoglobin curve to RIGHT - Greater unloading of O2 to tissues.

Answer 2

With Alkalosis, you shift Oxygen-HB curve to LEFT, causing LESS unloading of O2, when you move O2-Hb curve to RIGHT, you have GREATER unloading of O2, and less binding affinity of O2 to Hb.

Answer 3

-*When you exercise, your heart rate will go up at sea level and your heart rate also increases at altitude to same degree (Altitude and sea level parallel lines in relation to HR) *with Lower partial pressure of O2, your heart rate is higher at any point in graph, HR (heart rate is higher

Answer 4

No Heart rate does NOT continue to go up, it will eventually go down.

Answer 5

Cardiac output-amount of blood squeezed out of heart per minute -The more physically fit you are, the higher the Cardiac output -*Overtime (14 days), there is accilimatization: Heart rate goes up, but eventually goes down. Similarly Cardiac output goes up at altitude but comes down. however, Arterial pressure goes Up and STAYS UP.

Answer 6

* VO2 max (maximal O2 consumption) goes DOWN when barometric pressure decreases (at higher altitude) * barometric pressure goes down, partial pressure O2 goes down and VO2 max goes DOWN

Answer 7

When VO2 max goes DOWN with high altitude, Power output goes down

Answer 8

adaptations body makes to high altitude: EPO- Low Oxygen Tension in blood signals kidneys to make EPO which singles bone marrow to make Red blood cells (highest amount of RBCs for 4 days) . Then EPO goes down, since amount of RBC's go up. As RBC's goes up, Hematocrit goes up

Answer 9

LOW OXYGEN level in blood stimulate release of Erythropoietin from kidneys.

Answer 10

Hematocrit- percentage of cells to liquid in blood | -As RBC's (red blood cells) goes up, hematocrit percent goes UP

Answer 11

Pike's Peak- a training faciitly in Colorado (high altitude), that many athletes go to. *The more number of days you stay at pike's peak, your Hemoglobin goes UP, red blood cells goes UP, hermatocrit goes UP When you Leave Pike's peak, hermatocrit goes DOWN.

Answer 12

As you increase the days spent at Pike's Peak (high altitude), Hematocrit goes UP. Women Hermatocriy goes UP SLOWER. Hematocrit levels start lower, and go up slower because every month women have changes to their body (bleeding, menstruation). If you give women IRON, they can INCREASE their hermatocrit - *Male and female hermatocrits are NOT the same. Changes/adaptation to altitude are Different in male and female.

Answer 13

Oxygen transport: you get increase in ventilation, increase in Hb, and Increase in Cardiac output (as Stroke volume, Heart rate and Blood pressure all increase). Stroke volume (amount of blood pumped out in one stroke/1 beat). Stroke volume increases because SV X HR= CO. -Greater muscular blood flow, greater capillary density because you have more capillaries overtime. Capillary density increases so that more blood reaches working muscle. You also have Greater O2 extraction, as you will have more O2 delivery to tissues. *build up in greater muscle mass and Greater mitochondria.

Answer 14

To see maximal change; - Increased Ventilation at altitude - Weeks - Increased heart rate at altitude - Weeks - Increased Hb concentration- Weeks - *Increased Capillary Density- Months/years - *Increased Aerobic Enzyme Activity in Muscle- Months - *increased Mitochondrial Density in Skeletal muscle- Months - Increased Erythropoiesis- Weeks

Answer 15

Benefit of training at altitude: - Greater Muscle mass - Greater mitochondrial density - Greater O2 delivery to tissues - Greater O2 carriage (greater Hb)

Answer 16

3 different ways of training at altitude: 1. Train High, Live high 2. train High and Live Low, 3. Train low, and Live High the additional method of training is to train low and live low, but it is RULED OUT because you are not using altitude.

Answer 17

Effect of altitude on training intensity: The intensity of workout DECREASES at higher altitude As you rise in at high altitude, the VO2 max DECREASES, and the amount of exercise you can do Decreases

Answer 18

Experiment: Maximal oxygen uptakes of 2 groups were measured during training for 3 weeks at altitude and 3 weeks at sea level group 1: trained first at sea level, and then continued training for 3 weeks at altitude group 2: trained first at altitude, and then at sea level *group of people work out in high altitude, and exercise intensity decreases, *group 2 who initially starts training at altitude will have Vo2 levels go Down and Stay down, until they return back to sea level. *group 1 starts at sea level and then goes to training at altitude, where intensity will be lowered, Vo2 lowered. *Results of experiment: Showed that High altitude training had DELETORIOUS results on performance times on return to sea level competition. With the groups of people, the times worsened, were even slower than they were without altitude change. This is ex: Train High and Live High.

Answer 19

possible negative effects - maximum cardiac output DECREASE - Maximum stroke volume DECREASE - Reduced maximum Heart Rate

Answer 20

Live High, Train Low: INCREASES VO2 max both for males and females. people live high and have interval training low. after many weeks of living high and training low, VO2 Max increases when they return to sea level VO2 Max increases for both male and females, and training time Decreases, Have better performance

Answer 21

Best training regimen at high altitude: | Live HIGH, Train LOW

Answer 22

Prerequisites for better training performance: -The Elevation must be high enough to raise EPO (erythropoietin) concentration to Increase RBC -Athlete must respond positively to Increased EPO -Training must take place at an elevation Low enough to maintain training intensity and O2 consumption at near sea-level values. you must live high enough for you to get increased RBC's and have more O2 delivery to tissues. The difference must be big enough so when you reach low level, VO2 max (training intensity) must not be less than what it is at sea level. if you are rich, you can live low altitude, and live in barometric chamber for certain number of hours per day, so you get used to low oxygen tension and body makes RBC's (dangerous to live in barometric chamber) .