ALTERNATIVES TO CALVIN CYCLE

Question 1

problems with C3

Answer 1

• Carbon fixation is the process of converting CO2 from an unusable inorganic molecule to usable organic molecuels
• problem occurs when O2 binds with Rubisco instead of CO2
• when concentration of O2 is higher than CO2
• why plants need water!

Question 2

C4 plants

Answer 2

• leaves of plants
• CO2 + PEP –> oxaloacetate –> malate –> Co2 + pyruvate
• pathway builds up CO2 concentration for calvin cycle
• pyruvate concert back into PEP
• energy intense

GOAL IS TO KEEP O2 AWAY FROM RUBISCO
CONSERVE WATER

Question 3

hypotonic and hypertonic stomata

Answer 3

hypotonic: stomata
guard cells
hypertonic: area around guard cells

water constantly coming out, so water needed in the plant in order for the guard cells to not shrivel up and close

Question 4

CAM PLANTS

Answer 4

• CAM cycle: c4 and calvin, same place (mesophyll), but different times

Night: stomata open (gas exchange), c4 happens, co2 fixed onto malate (stored in vacuoles).

Day: stomata close (prevent H2O loss) 2. malate turns into pyruvate, co2 released into calvin cycle.