Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Altered Cell and Tissue Biology > Flashcards

Altered Cell and Tissue Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is homeostasis regulated?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What interrupts homeostasis?

A

Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of cellular adaptations?

A

Always reversible,

Always in response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the five cell adaptations?

A 
Atrophy,
Hypertrophy,
Hyperplasia,
Dysplasia,
Metaplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, metaplasia, and hypertrophy are what?

A

Cell Adaptations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the characteristics of atrophy?

A

Decrease in cell size,
Decrease in # of mitochondria,
Decrease in # of ribosomes,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens if there is a decrease in # of mitochondria?

A

ATP production decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens if there is a decrease in # of ribosomes?

A

Loss of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some examples of atrophy?

A

Loss of skeletal muscle bc of decreased workload,
Loss of brain matter bc of lack of blood supply,
Uterus, ovaries, vaginal mucosa bc lack of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are characteristics of hypertrophy?

A

Increased cell size,
Increase in # of mitochondria,
Increase in # of ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some examples of hypertrophy?

A

Skeletal muscle bc increase in workload,
Cardiac muscle bc of aortic stenosis,
mammary glands bc of hormone stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Increased cell size, increase in # of cells, increase in # of ribosomes are characteristics of what?

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Decrease in cell size, decrease in # of mitochondria, decrease in # of ribosomes are characteristics of what?

A

Atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens if there is an increase in # of ribosomes?

A

Increase in protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens if there is an increase in # of mitochondria?

A

Increase in ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a characteristic of hyperplasia?

A

Increase in cell #

18
Q

What are characteristics of dysplasia?

A

Change in size, shape, and organization of cells in tissue

19
Q

What is a characteristic of metaplasia?

A

Change from one cell type to another (usually from simple columnar to stratified squamous)

20
Q

What is the difference between dysplasia and metaplasia?

A 
Dysplasia
-Mitotic Activity
-Nucleus is bigger and deformed
Metaplasia
-Nucleus is normal
21
Q

How are dysplasia and metaplasia similar?

A

reversible and a response to a stimulus
found in respiratory epithelium,
found in cervical epithelium

22
Q

What is an example of dysplasia?

A

HPV

23
Q

What can dysplasia be found?

A

Respiratory epithelium,

Cervical epithelium

24
Q

Where can metaplasia be found?

A

Respiratory epithelium,

Cervical epithelium

25
Q

What is pathologic hyperplasia?

A

Abnormal increase in cell #

26
Q

What is physiological hyperplasia?

A

Replacement; Regeneration of tissue

27
Q

Where can a high rate of hyperplasia be found?

A

Epidermis,
Liver,
RBC’s
GI mucosa

28
Q

Where can a very low rate of hyperplasia be found?

A

Nervous tissue,
Skeletal muscle,
Cardiac muscle

29
Q

Increase in cell # is a characteristic of what?

A

Hyperplasia

30
Q

Change in cell size, shape, and organization is a characteristic of what?

A

Dysplasia

31
Q

Change from one cell type to another is a characteristic of what?

A

Metaplasia

32
Q

What is hypoxic injury?

A

Decreased oxygen to tissues

33
Q

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

ATP,
Carbon Dioxide,
Water

34
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration?

A

ATP,

Lactic Acid

35
Q

What happens to pH when lactic acid accumulates?

A

pH decreases

36
Q

What happens when pH changes?

A

Proteins are denatured

37
Q

What happens to the binding site on proteins when pH changes?

A

The binding site changes conformation, which does NOT allow the substrate to bind to the enzyme, making it inactive

38
Q

What happens to sodium when sodium/potassium pumps fail?

A

Sodium accumulates inside the cell

39
Q

What happens to potassium when sodium/potassium pumps fail?

A

Potassium accumulates outside the cell

40
Q

Why does sodium accumulate inside the cell when sodium/potassium pumps fail?

A
  1. Sodium is not being pumped out of the cell

2. Sodium continues to leak into the cell

41
Q

Why does potassium accumulate outside the cell when sodium/potassium pumps fail?

A
  1. Potassium is not being pumped into the cell

2. Potassium continues to leak out of the cell

42
Q

Why do sodium/potassium pumps fail?

A

Lack of ATP

Pathophysiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions