Alpha, beta and gamma radiation Flashcards

1
Q

What types of radiation can me emitted during radioactive decay

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
  • Neutrons
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2
Q

Explain alpha particles

A
  • 2 protons and 2 neutrons
  • Same molecular make up as a helium atom (often shown using He)
  • No electrons: charge of +2
  • Relatively large
  • High ionisation power
  • Low penetration distance (stopped by 1 piece of paper)
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3
Q

Explain beta particles

A
  • 1 electron
  • Charge of -1
  • Obtained as a neutron from the nucleus decays into an electron and a proton. The proton stays in the nucleus and the electron is emitted at high speeds
  • Relatively no mass
  • Moderate ionisation power
  • Moderate penetration distance (stopped by 5mm of aluminium)
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4
Q

Explain gamma radiation

A
  • Radiation emitted from a radioactive nuclei to make the nuclei less energetic but does not change its mass or structure
  • No mass or charge
  • Very weak ionisation strength
  • Very high penetration distance (stopped by 30cm of lead)
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5
Q

Explain neutrons (radiation)

A
  • Emitted from nucleus if too many neutrons is making the isotope unstable
  • Makes atom more stable
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