Alpha, beta and gamma radiation

Question 1

What types of radiation can me emitted during radioactive decay

Answer 1

• Alpha
• Beta
• Gamma
• Neutrons

Question 2

Explain alpha particles

Answer 2

• 2 protons and 2 neutrons
• Same molecular make up as a helium atom (often shown using He)
• No electrons: charge of +2
• Relatively large
• High ionisation power
• Low penetration distance (stopped by 1 piece of paper)

Question 3

Explain beta particles

Answer 3

• 1 electron
• Charge of -1
• Obtained as a neutron from the nucleus decays into an electron and a proton. The proton stays in the nucleus and the electron is emitted at high speeds
• Relatively no mass
• Moderate ionisation power
• Moderate penetration distance (stopped by 5mm of aluminium)

Question 4

Explain gamma radiation

Answer 4

• Radiation emitted from a radioactive nuclei to make the nuclei less energetic but does not change its mass or structure
• No mass or charge
• Very weak ionisation strength
• Very high penetration distance (stopped by 30cm of lead)

Question 5

Explain neutrons (radiation)

Answer 5

• Emitted from nucleus if too many neutrons is making the isotope unstable
• Makes atom more stable