Alpha Agonists And Antagonists

Question 1

List alpha1 antagonists selective

Answer 1

Prazosin
Terazosin
Kelu osin
Indoramib
Urapidil

Question 2

Blockage of alpha1 will inhibit—–
Blockage of alpha2 will lead to—-

Answer 2

Vasoconstriction (decrease resistance and pressure)
Increase sympathetic outflow will lead to activation of alpha1 and B1 thus increasing blood pressure

Question 3

Prazosin
Fam:
Effect:

Answer 3

Alpha1 antagonist
Decrease in vascular resistance and venous return
Decrease cardiac preload

Question 4

Doxazosin (highly/low)—-selectivity for alpha1, (selective/nonselective)—- for a1 subtypes
Usage:

Answer 4

High
Nonselective
Treat hypertension adn BPH

Question 5

Alfuzosin with (similar/different)—- affinity to a1 subtypes
Usage:

Answer 5

Similar
Extensively for PBH

Question 6

Tamsulosin is with (high/low)—-selectivity for a1 found on SMC of prostate
Usages:
Adverse:

Answer 6

Some slectivity
BPH and little for BP
Abnormal ejaculation

Question 7

Adverse of prazosin and its congeners
1-
2-
3
4

Answer 7

Postural hypotension
Headache
Dizziness
Asthenia

Question 8

Alpha2 agonists
Usages
1-
2-
Names:
1-
2-

Answer 8

Systemic hypertension
Reduce inteaocular pressure (decreas production of aqueous humor)
1-clonidine
2-methyldopa

Question 9

Clonidine:
Usages:
1-
2-
3-
4-
Adverse mama:

Answer 9

Tx of HTN
Resistant HTN for two or more drugs
Preoperative sedation and anxiolysis
Reducing flashes (transdermally)

Adverse
Rebound hypertension after withdrawal,dry mouth and sedation

Question 10

Methyldopa:
Site of action:
Effects:
Use:
Adverse effect:
Contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 10

Centrally actinggggg
Metabolized to a-methylnor in brain yo diminish the adrenerguc outflow
Cardiac output not decreased and flow is not
Uses: HTN with renal insuff
Can be used in pregos
Adverse: dry mouth sedation and drowsiness

Question 11

K+ channel openers:
Name:
Effect:

Answer 11

Minoxidillll
Dilation of the arterioles and the arterioles onlyyyyyyy
They open ATP sensitive K+ channels (la barraaaa) in smooth muscle which closes the calcium channel upon hyperpilarization

Question 12

Usages of minoxidil:
1-
2-
3-

Answer 12

Severe hypertension (responds poorly to other meds)
Can be given with loop diuretics to avoid fluid retention
Guven with B antagonist to control reflex tachy

Question 13

Andverse effects of minoxi:
1-
2-

Answer 13

Fluid retention leading to congestive HF
Hypertrichosissss (bser 3ndn da2en mesh mtl nes) face arm back legs

Question 14

T or F
Minoxi can’t be used to treat male pattern baldness

Answer 14

False
Lesh laaa betale3 l sha3r
Solution 2-5% eza btheb tjebu

Question 15

Hydralazine:
Mode of act:

Answer 15

Direct smooth muscle relaxant in arteties and arterioles
Lead to reflex stimulation in HR anf increased contraction and oxygen demand

Question 16

Andverse effects of hydralazine

Answer 16

Angina pectoris
Myocardial infarct
Cardiac failure
Increase renin
Sodium and water retention

Question 17

The best way to avoid all these adverse effects is by administring—–or —–

Answer 17

B blocker (propranolol metoprolol or atenolol ( to decrease reflex tachy))
Diuretics to avoid fluid retention

Question 18

T or F
Hydralazine can’t be used in pregos

Answer 18

False it can

Question 19

Adverse effrct of hydralazine
With high doses—-

Answer 19

Headache
Tachy
Nausea
Sweating
Arrythmia
Angina

Lupus like syndromeeeee with high doses but reversiblr upon withdrawal