Allergic rhinitis

Question 1

What is rhinitis?

Answer 1

Nasal inflamamation

Question 2

What is allergic rhinitis?

Answer 2

nasal inflammation caused by allergens

Question 3

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic rhinitis?

Answer 3

Type 1

Question 4

What happens in a type 1 hypersentitivity reaction?

Answer 4

Allergen is picked up by a dendritic cell, presents to T lymphocyte, which produces cytokines and B cells, B cells produce IgE antibodies, which bind to mast cells and this causes primed mast cells, which means in future if the same allergen enters the body they will degranulate and release histamine causing dilation of capillaries and leaking, bringing more fluid and immune cells, lots of mast cells in eyes and nose as they are ports of entrants

Question 5

What can protect against allergic rhinitis?

Answer 5

Early exposure

Question 6

What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

Answer 6

Excess fluid in facial tissues, sneezing, red, itchy, swollen eyes, nasal congestion

Question 7

Allergic rhinitis diagnosis?

Answer 7

Allergens are applied to patches and stuck to skin, if irritates then suggest allergy or scratch test, these may be low sensitivity and specificity

Question 8

Treatment for allergic rhinitis?

Answer 8

Avoid allergen, antihistamine, nasal irrigation, Microdoses by boosting tolerance