Allergic Rhinitis

Question 1

What are 1st generation antihistamines?

Answer 1

diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine
promethazine

Question 1

What are 2nd generation antihistamines?

Answer 1

loratadine
cetirizine
fexofenadine

Question 2

What are the common uses for 1st generation and 2nd generation antihistamines?

Answer 2

1st gen is used for allergic reactions, nausea, cough, insomnia, itching, and EPS

2nd gen is used for allergic rhinitis since they don’t cross BBB and have a longer half-life

Question 3

What are some side effects of 1st generation antihistamines?

Answer 3

1. They cause CNS depression since they cross BBB making you feel sedated (avoid other CNS depressants)
2. Anticholinergic effects: can’t see, pee, poop, spit

Question 4

What are some examples of nasal glucocorticoids?

Answer 4

Fluticasone and mometasone

Question 5

What should you be aware of when taking nasal glucocorticoids and how do they work?

Answer 5

Fluticasone and mometasone work by preventing the triggers of inflammation

Clients have to be consistent and takes up to a week for maximal effect. It can also cause nose bleeds (epistaxis)

Question 6

How should nasal glucocorticoids be administered?

Answer 6

“Shake and prime it it’s been a long time”

Question 7

What are examples of decongestants that are used for nasal congestion?

Answer 7

Phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine

Question 8

How do decongestants work and what are some high-yield concepts of it?

Answer 8

They activate alpha 1 receptors in nasal mucosa which causes vasoconstriction

However, they also activate other beta and alpha receptors causing: poor appetite, jitteriness, tachycardia, increased BP, headache

Question 9

Who should avoid taking decongestants?

Answer 9

Clients with hypertension or cardiac disease since these can exacerbate the condition

Question 10

what is a key ingredient to making crystal meth?

Answer 10

Pseudoephedrine so therefore it is difficult to purchase